摘 要
食品加工是现代食品工业的核心环节,其对营养成分的保留与变化具有重要影响。本研究旨在探讨不同加工方式对食品中关键营养成分的保留效率及其潜在机制。通过对比分析热处理、冷冻干燥、微波加热等常见加工技术,结合高效液相色谱法和质谱联用技术对维生素C、类胡萝卜素及多酚类化合物的变化进行定量检测,揭示了加工条件(如温度、时间)与营养成分损失之间的关系。研究表明,低温真空干燥技术在最大程度上保留了食品中的热敏性营养物质,而传统高温烹调则显著降低了抗氧化活性成分的含量。此外,本研究首次提出了一种基于响应面优化模型的加工参数调控方法,可有效减少营养成分的损失。研究结果为优化食品加工工艺提供了理论依据,并为开发高营养保留率的食品加工技术奠定了基础。这一成果不仅有助于提升食品的营养价值,还对推动绿色食品加工技术的发展具有重要意义。
关键词:食品加工;营养成分保留;低温真空干燥
Abstract
Food processing is a core component of the modern food industry and plays a significant role in the retention and alteration of nutritional components. This study investigates the retention efficiency of key nutrients in food under different processing methods and explores the underlying mechanisms. By comparing common processing technologies such as thermal treatment, freeze-drying, and microwave heating, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, quantitative analyses were conducted on changes in vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenolic compounds, revealing the relationship between processing conditions (e.g., temperature and time) and nutrient loss. The findings indicate that low-temperature vacuum drying technology maximally preserves thermally sensitive nutrients in food, whereas traditional high-temperature cooking significantly reduces the content of antioxidant-active components. Additionally, this study proposes for the first time an optimization method for processing parameters based on response surface methodology, which effectively minimizes nutrient loss. The results provide theoretical support for optimizing food processing techniques and lay the foundation for developing technologies with high nutrient retention rates. This achievement not only enhances the nutritional value of food but also holds significant implications for advancing green food processing technologies.
Keywords: Food Processing;Nutrient Retention;Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying
目 录
引言 1
一、食品加工对营养成分的影响机制 1
(一)加热处理与营养保留 1
(二)冷冻技术对营养变化的作用 1
(三)机械加工对营养成分的破坏 2
二、不同加工方式下的营养变化分析 2
(一)热加工中的维生素损失研究 2
(二)冷链储存对矿物质稳定性的影响 3
(三)发酵工艺对蛋白质结构的改变 3
三、营养成分保留的关键技术研究 3
(一)微波加热技术的应用与优化 3
(二)高压处理对营养成分的保护作用 4
(三)抗氧化剂在食品加工中的功能 4
四、提高营养保留率的策略与实践 5
(一)加工参数优化与营养保留 5
(二)新型包装技术对营养保护的意义 5
(三)综合加工技术的开发与应用 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8