摘 要
食品营养与肠道微生物群落的相互作用是维持人体健康的重要机制。本研究旨在探讨不同膳食成分对肠道微生物群落结构与功能的影响，并揭示其潜在的作用机制。通过高通量测序技术结合代谢组学分析，选取多种典型膳食纤维和功能性营养物质进行干预实验，评估其对小鼠模型及人体志愿者肠道菌群的调节作用。结果表明，特定膳食纤维能够显著促进有益菌如双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的增殖，同时抑制有害菌的生长，从而优化肠道菌群组成。此外，研究发现这些变化与短链脂肪酸等代谢产物的生成密切相关，进一步验证了营养物质通过微生物代谢影响宿主健康的假设。本研究创新性地提出了“靶向营养干预”的概念，为个性化营养方案的设计提供了理论依据，也为相关疾病的预防和治疗开辟了新途径。
关键词：膳食纤维；肠道微生物群落；短链脂肪酸
Abstract
The interaction between food nutrition and gut microbiota is a critical mechanism for maintaining human health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary components on the structure and function of gut microbial communities and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. By employing high-throughput sequencing technology combined with me tabolomics analysis, intervention experiments were conducted using various typical dietary fibers and functional nutrients to evaluate their modulatory effects on the gut microbiota in mouse models and human volunteers. The results demonstrated that specific dietary fibers could significantly promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, thereby optimizing the composition of the gut microbiota. Moreover, the study revealed that these changes were closely associated with the production of me tabolic products such as short-chain fatty acids, further validating the hypothesis that nutrients influence host health through microbial me tabolism. This research innovatively proposed the concept of "targeted nutritional intervention," providing theoretical support for the design of personalized nutritional strategies and opening new avenues for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
Keywords: Dietary Fiber；Gut Microbiota；Short-Chain Fatty Acids
目 录
引言 1
一、食品营养对肠道微生物的影响机制 1
（一）食品成分与微生物群落结构 1
（二）营养物质的代谢调控作用 2
（三）微生物功能活性的变化分析 2
二、肠道微生物对食品营养的转化机制 3
（一）微生物酶系参与营养代谢 3
（二）营养物质的发酵与分解过程 3
（三）代谢产物对宿主健康的作用 3
三、食品营养与肠道微生物的互作模型构建 4
（一）数据驱动的互作关系分析 4
（二）动态网络模型的建立方法 4
（三）模型验证与优化策略 5
四、食品营养干预与微生物群落调节策略 5
（一）靶向营养干预的设计原则 5
（二）微生物群落的动态响应评估 5
（三）健康管理中的应用前景 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
