摘 要
随着我国高速公路网络的不断完善，服务区作为重要的交通基础设施，在保障行车安全、提升出行体验和促进区域经济发展中发挥着关键作用。然而，现有服务区布局存在分布不均、功能单一及服务能力不足等问题，难以满足日益增长的交通需求。为此，本研究以优化高速公路服务区布局为目标，综合考虑交通流量、地理区位、人口分布及经济活动等因素，构建了多目标优化模型。通过引入层次分析法与遗传算法相结合的求解策略，实现了对服务区选址与规模配置的科学决策。研究选取某省高速公路网为案例进行实证分析，结果表明优化后的布局显著提升了服务区的服务覆盖范围和服务效率，同时有效缓解了交通拥堵问题。本研究的创新点在于将动态交通流特征融入布局优化模型，并提出了基于时空均衡的服务区分级配置方法，为实际规划提供了理论支持和技术手段。研究成果不仅有助于提高高速公路运行效率，还为类似交通设施的规划与管理提供了参考依据，具有重要的实践价值和推广应用前景。
关键词：高速公路服务区；布局优化；多目标模型；层次分析法；遗传算法
ABSTRACT
With the continuous improvement of China's highway network, service areas, as crucial transportation infrastructure, play a vital role in ensuring driving safety, enhancing travel experience, and promoting regional economic development. However, the current layout of service areas suffers from issues such as uneven distribution, single functionality, and insufficient service capacity, which fail to meet the ever-increasing traffic demands. To address these challenges, this study aims to optimize the layout of highway service areas by comprehensively considering factors such as traffic volume, geographical location, population distribution, and economic activities, thereby constructing a multi-ob jective optimization model. A hybrid solution strategy combining Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Genetic Algorithm is introduced to achieve scientific decision-making regarding the site selection and scale configuration of service areas. The study selects a provincial highway network as a case for empirical analysis, and the results demonstrate that the optimized layout significantly improves the service coverage and efficiency of service areas while effectively alleviating traffic congestion problems. The innovation of this research lies in integrating dynamic traffic flow characteristics into the layout optimization model and proposing a time-space balanced分级configuration method for service areas, providing theoretical support and technical means for practical planning. The research findings not only contribute to enhancing the operational efficiency of highways but also offer reference and guidance for the planning and management of similar transportation facilities, highlighting significant practical value and potential for application and promotion.
Keywords: Highway Service Area; Layout Optimization; Multi-ob jective Model; Analytic Hierarchy Process; Genetic Algorithm
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 高速公路服务区布局优化的研究背景 1
1.2 高速公路服务区布局优化的研究意义 1
1.3 国内外服务区布局优化研究现状 1
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 高速公路服务区布局需求分析 3
2.1 服务区功能定位与分类 3
2.2 用户需求与行为特征分析 3
2.3 区域经济发展对布局的影响 4
2.4 交通流量与分布特征研究 4
2.5 布局优化的需求模型构建 5
第3章 高速公路服务区布局优化模型构建 6
3.1 布局优化的数学模型基础 6
3.2 空间距离与服务覆盖分析 6
3.3 动态需求预测与模型改进 7
3.4 多目标优化模型的设计 7
3.5 模型验证与误差分析 8
第4章 高速公路服务区布局优化方案实施与评估 9
4.1 布局优化方案的设计原则 9
4.2 实施过程中的关键问题分析 9
4.3 数据驱动的优化方案调整 10
4.4 方案实施效果评估指标体系 10
4.5 实证案例分析与经验总结 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
