摘 要
铁路路基沉降是影响列车运行安全性和舒适性的重要因素之一，而压实度作为路基施工质量的关键指标，对控制沉降具有重要作用。本研究以不同压实度条件下铁路路基的沉降特性为研究对象，旨在探讨压实度与路基沉降之间的关系及其机制。通过室内土工试验和现场监测相结合的方法，选取典型铁路路基工程为案例，分析了不同压实度下土体的物理力学性质变化规律，并结合长期现场沉降观测数据，建立了压实度与沉降量之间的定量关系模型。研究结果表明，随着压实度的提高，土体孔隙比减小，抗剪强度和模量显著增加，从而有效抑制了路基后期沉降；然而，当压实度超过某一临界值时，继续增加压实度对沉降控制的效果趋于饱和。此外，基于实测数据分析发现，考虑压实度非均匀分布情况下的沉降预测模型能够更准确地反映实际沉降规律。本研究的创新点在于提出了基于压实度分区优化的沉降控制策略，为铁路路基设计与施工提供了科学依据，同时为减少路基后期沉降及维护成本提供了新的思路。
关键词：铁路路基；压实度；沉降特性；定量关系模型；分区优化策略
ABSTRACT
Railway subgrade settlement is one of the critical factors affecting the safety and comfort of train operations, and compaction degree, as a key indicator of subgrade construction quality, plays an important role in controlling settlement. This study focuses on the settlement characteristics of railway subgrades under different compaction degrees, aiming to explore the relationship and mechanism between compaction degree and subgrade settlement. By combining laboratory geotechnical tests with field monitoring, a typical railway subgrade project was selected as a case study to analyze the variation patterns of soil physical and mechanical properties under different compaction degrees. Based on long-term field settlement observation data, a quantitative relationship model between compaction degree and settlement was established. The results indicate that as the compaction degree increases, the void ratio of the soil decreases, while shear strength and modulus significantly increase, effectively suppressing subsequent subgrade settlement; however, when the compaction degree exceeds a certain critical value, the effect of further increasing compaction degree on settlement control tends to saturate. Additionally, based on field measurement data analysis, it was found that settlement prediction models considering non-uniform distribution of compaction degree can more accurately reflect actual settlement patterns. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a settlement control strategy based on regional optimization of compaction degree, providing a scientific basis for railway subgrade design and construction, and offering new insights into reducing subsequent subgrade settlement and maintenance costs.
Keywords: Railway Subgrade; Compaction Degree; Settlement Characteristics; Quantitative Relationship Model; Zoning Optimization Strategy
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 铁路路基沉降研究背景与意义 1
1.2 不同压实度研究现状分析 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 压实度对铁路路基性能的影响机制 3
2.1 铁路路基材料特性分析 3
2.2 压实度与路基承载力关系 3
2.3 不同压实度下的应力分布特征 4
第3章 实验设计与数据分析方法 5
3.1 实验方案设计与实施步骤 5
3.2 数据采集与处理方法 5
3.3 沉降监测技术及其应用 6
第4章 压实度与铁路路基沉降的关联性研究 7
4.1 不同压实度条件下的沉降规律 7
4.2 压实度对长期沉降影响评估 7
4.3 沉降控制措施与优化建议 8
结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
