桥梁支座更换过程中结构受力状态的实时监测与评估 -土木工程专业

摘要

桥梁支座作为桥梁结构的关键传力部件，其性能退化或失效将显著影响桥梁的安全性和耐久性，因此在桥梁维护与加固中，支座更换是一项重要工作然而，支座更换过程中，由于施工荷载、临时支撑体系及结构受力状态改变等因素的影响，可能导致桥梁结构出现异常应力分布甚至局部损伤为确保更换过程的安全性与可靠性，本文以某实际桥梁工程为背景，开展了支座更换过程中结构受力状态的实时监测与评估研究首先，基于有限元分析方法建立了桥梁结构的数值模型，并结合施工工况对更换支座时的结构力学行为进行了模拟其次，设计了一套集成了应变、位移和振动等多参数的实时监测系统，用于获取关键部位的动态响应数据通过对比监测数据与仿真结果，验证了数值模型的准确性，并进一步分析了支座更换过程中结构的应力重分布规律及潜在风险区域研究表明，支座更换会导致桥墩和梁体局部应力显著增大，且不同更换方案对结构受力状态的影响存在明显差异本文提出的监测与评估方法能够有效捕捉结构的受力变化特征，为优化施工方案提供了科学依据此外，本研究创新性地引入了基于机器学习的异常检测算法，实现了对监测数据的智能化处理，显著提高了评估效率和精度研究成果可为类似工程提供技术参考，具有重要的理论价值和工程应用前景

关键词：支座更换；结构受力状态；实时监测；应力重分布；机器学习异常检测

ABSTRACT

Bridge bearings, as critical load-transmitting components of bridge structures, play a vital role in ensuring the safety and durability of bridges; thus, their degradation or failure can significantly impact the performance of the entire structure. Consequently, bearing replacement is an essential task in bridge maintenance and reinforcement. However, during the replacement process, abnormal stress distribution or even localized damage may occur due to factors such as construction loads, temporary support systems, and changes in structural stress states. To ensure the safety and reliability of the replacement process, this study investigates real-time monitoring and evaluation of structural stress states during bearing replacement, based on an actual bridge engineering project. Firstly, a numerical model of the bridge structure was established using finite element analysis, and the structural mechanical behavior during bearing replacement was simulated according to specific construction conditions. Secondly, a real-time monitoring system integrating multiple parameters, including strain, displacement, and vibration, was designed to capture dynamic response data from key locations. By comparing the monitored data with simulation results, the accuracy of the numerical model was verified, and the stress redistribution patterns and potential risk areas during bearing replacement were further analyzed. The study reveals that bearing replacement leads to significant increases in local stresses on piers and girders, with different replacement schemes exerting distinct influences on the structural stress state. The proposed monitoring and evaluation method effectively captures the characteristics of stress changes in the structure, providing a scientific basis for optimizing construction schemes. Additionally, this research innovatively incorporates machine-learning-based anomaly detection algorithms for intelligent processing of monitoring data, which substantially enhances the efficiency and precision of evaluations. The findings offer valuable technical references for similar projects and possess significant theoretical importance and practical application potential in engineering.

Keywords: Bearing Replacement; Structural Force State; Real-Time Monitoring; Stress Redistribution; Machine Learning Anomaly Detection

第1章绪论 1

1.1 桥梁支座更换的研究背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1

1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章支座更换过程中的受力机理分析 3

2.1 桥梁支座的功能与分类 3

2.2 支座更换时的结构受力特性 3

2.3 关键力学参数的理论计算方法 4

第3章实时监测技术在支座更换中的应用 5

3.1 监测系统的组成与功能 5

3.2 主要监测参数的选择与意义 5