桉树人工林连作障碍的原因与解决对策 -林学专业

摘要

桉树人工林作为全球重要的速生工业原料林，在满足木材需求和促进经济发展中发挥了关键作用，但连作障碍问题日益凸显，严重制约其可持续发展。本研究以典型桉树人工林为对象，通过土壤理化性质分析、微生物群落结构测定及植物生理指标监测，系统探讨了连作障碍的成因及其影响机制。研究表明，连作导致土壤养分失衡、有毒物质累积以及土壤微生物群落多样性下降，进而引发植株生长受限和病害频发。针对上述问题，本研究提出轮作间作、施用生物有机肥及改良土壤结构等综合管理措施，并通过田间试验验证其有效性。结果表明，优化栽培模式可显著改善土壤生态环境，提升桉树生长性能与产量。本研究创新性地揭示了土壤微生物群落变化在连作障碍中的核心作用，并为解决桉树人工林可持续经营提供了科学依据和技术支持。

关键词：桉树人工林; 连作障碍; 土壤微生物群落; 养分失衡; 综合管理措施

Abstract

Eucalyptus plantations, as a globally significant fast-growing industrial timber resource, have played a critical role in meeting wood demand and promoting economic development. However, the issue of replanting obstacles has become increasingly prominent, severely constraining their sustainable development. This study focuses on typical eucalyptus plantations, employing soil physicochemical property analysis, microbial community structure measurement, and plant physiological indicator monitoring to systematically investigate the causes and influencing mechanisms of replanting obstacles. The results indicate that continuous cropping leads to nutrient imbalance in the soil, accumulation of toxic substances, and a decline in soil microbial community diversity, which in turn cause restricted plant growth and frequent diseases. In response to these issues, this study proposes integrated management strategies such as crop rotation, intercropping, application of bio-organic fertilizers, and soil structure improvement, with their effectiveness validated through field experiments. The findings demonstrate that optimizing cultivation practices can significantly enhance soil ecological conditions and improve the growth performance and yield of eucalyptus. This research innovatively reveals the central role of changes in soil microbial communities in replanting obstacles and provides scientific evidence and technical support for the sustainable management of eucalyptus plantations.

Key words:Eucalyptus Plantation; Continuous Cropping Obstacle; Soil Microbial Community; Nutrient Imbalance; Integrated Management Measures

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

引言 1

第1章、桉树连作障碍的形成机制 3

1.1、土壤理化性质变化分析 3

1.2、微生物群落结构演变 3

1.3、植物自毒作用的影响 3

第2章、连作障碍对桉树生长的影响 5

2.1、生长速率下降的原因 5

2.2、产量与质量的双重制约 5

2.3、健康状况的综合评估 5