摘要
随着全球科技创新竞争的加剧，企业研发投入已成为推动经济增长和产业升级的关键动力，而税收优惠政策作为政府激励企业创新的重要工具，其实际效果备受关注。本研究旨在探讨税收优惠政策对企业研发投入的激励效应，并通过构建理论模型与实证分析相结合的方法，深入剖析政策实施的内在机制及其异质性影响。研究基于中国A股上市公司2010年至2020年的面板数据，采用双重差分法（DID）控制内生性问题，并引入行业、地区及企业规模等多维度变量进行稳健性检验。结果表明，税收优惠政策显著提升了企业的研发支出水平，尤其对中小企业和高技术行业的激励作用更为明显。此外，研究发现政策效果在不同地区间存在显著差异，经济发达地区的响应程度更高。本研究的创新点在于首次将企业异质性特征纳入分析框架，并结合动态面板模型评估政策的长期影响，为优化税收优惠政策设计提供了重要参考。研究表明，精准施策和差异化支持是提升政策效率的关键，同时建议进一步完善政策配套措施以促进创新资源的有效配置。
关键词：税收优惠政策；企业研发投入；激励效应；中小企业；地区差异
Abstract
With the intensification of global competition in scientific and technological innovation, corporate R investment has become a critical driver for economic growth and industrial upgrading. As an important tool for government incentives, tax preferential policies have garnered significant attention regarding their actual effectiveness in promoting corporate innovation. This study aims to investigate the incentive effects of tax preferential policies on corporate R investment by integrating theoretical modeling with empirical analysis to explore the underlying mechanisms and heterogeneous impacts of policy implementation. Based on panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 2010 and 2020, this research employs the difference-in-differences (DID) method to address endogeneity issues and introduces multidimensional variables such as industry, region, and firm size for robustness testing. The results indicate that tax preferential policies significantly enhance corporate R expenditure levels, with a more pronounced effect on small and medium-sized enterprises and high-tech industries. Additionally, the study finds significant regional disparities in policy effectiveness, with higher responsiveness observed in economically developed areas. A key innovation of this research lies in its incorporation of firm heterogeneity characteristics into the analytical fr amework and the application of dynamic panel models to evaluate the long-term impacts of the policies, providing crucial references for optimizing the design of tax preferential policies. The findings suggest that targeted policy measures and differentiated support are essential for improving policy efficiency, while further improvements in complementary policy measures are recommended to facilitate the effective allocation of innovative resources.
Keywords：Tax Incentive Policies; Corporate R Investment; Incentive Effect; Small And Medium Enterprises; Regional Differences
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、税收优惠政策的理论基础 2
(一) 税收优惠与企业行为的关系 2
(二) 研发投入的经济学理论支撑 3
(三) 激励效应的理论框架构建 3
三、税收优惠政策对企业研发投入的影响机制 4
(一) 税收优惠对研发成本的降低作用 4
(二) 激励效应在不同类型企业中的表现 4
(三) 政策实施中的关键影响因素分析 5
四、实证分析与案例研究 5
(一) 数据来源与研究方法设计 6
(二) 税收优惠政策激励效应的实证检验 6
(三) 典型企业案例分析与经验总结 6
结 论 8
参考文献 9
