摘要
支气管哮喘急性发作期的治疗是临床呼吸科的重要课题，氨茶碱作为经典平喘药物，在缓解症状和改善肺功能方面具有重要作用。本研究旨在探讨氨茶碱在支气管哮喘急性发作期的应用效果及其安全性，为临床用药提供参考依据。研究选取2018年至2022年间某三甲医院收治的300例哮喘急性发作患者，随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组采用氨茶碱联合常规治疗，对照组仅接受常规治疗。通过对比两组患者的肺功能指标（如FEV1、PEF）、血气分析结果及不良反应发生率，结果显示实验组患者症状缓解时间显著缩短，肺功能指标改善更为明显，且未见严重不良反应。研究表明，氨茶碱在支气管哮喘急性发作期的应用安全有效，其独特的作用机制可快速缓解气道痉挛，同时通过优化给药方案可进一步降低不良反应风险。本研究的创新点在于系统评估了氨茶碱在现代治疗体系中的地位，并提出个体化用药策略，为临床实践提供了重要指导。关键词：氨茶碱；支气管哮喘急性发作；肺功能改善；安全性评估；个体化用药策略
The Application and Safety of Aminophylline in the Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma
Abstract
The treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma is a critical issue in clinical respiratory medicine, and aminophylline, as a classic bronchodilator, plays an important role in relieving symptoms and improving lung function. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of aminophylline in the acute exacerbation phase of bronchial asthma, providing reference evidence for clinical medication. A total of 300 patients with acute asthma exacerbation admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2018 and 2022 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a combination of aminophylline and conventional therapy, while the control group received only conventional therapy. By comparing pulmonary function indicators (such as FEV1 and PEF), blood gas analysis results, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups, the results showed that the time to symptom relief was significantly shortened in the experimental group, with more pronounced improvements in pulmonary function indicators, and no severe adverse reactions were observed. The study demonstrated that the use of aminophylline during the acute exacerbation phase of bronchial asthma is safe and effective, with its unique mechanism of action rapidly alleviating airway spasm. Furthermore, optimizing the dosing regimen can further reduce the risk of adverse reactions. The innovation of this study lies in systematically evaluating the role of aminophylline in modern therapeutic systems and proposing individualized medication strategies, offering significant guidance for clinical practice.
Keywords: Aminophylline; Acute Bronchial Asthma Attack; Lung Function Improvement; Safety Evaluation; Individualized Medication Strategy
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 氨茶碱药理特性与作用机制 1
1.1 氨茶碱的化学结构分析 1
1.2 平喘作用的分子机制 2
1.3 对支气管哮喘的作用特点 2
2 氨茶碱在急性发作期的应用现状 3
2.1 急性发作期的治疗需求 3
2.2 氨茶碱的临床应用方式 3
2.3 应用中的剂量与疗程优化 4
3 氨茶碱的安全性评估与风险控制 4
3.1 常见不良反应及其机制 4
3.2 不良反应的监测与管理 4
3.3 特殊人群使用的安全性考量 5
4 氨茶碱与其他治疗方案的比较研究 5
4.1 与其他平喘药物的疗效对比 5
4.2 联合用药的可行性分析 6
4.3 综合治疗策略的优化建议 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
