高效脱盐技术在化工废水处理中的应用 -应用化工技术(专）专业

摘要

化工废水中的高盐度问题已成为制约工业可持续发展的关键瓶颈，其处理难度大、成本高且传统技术效率低下。为应对这一挑战，本研究聚焦高效脱盐技术在化工废水处理中的应用，旨在开发一种经济可行且环境友好的解决方案。通过综合分析多种脱盐技术的优劣，本研究选取了电渗析（ED）与膜蒸馏（MD）联用技术作为核心方法，并结合实际废水样本进行实验验证。实验设计中引入了优化参数调控策略，包括操作电压、流速及膜材料选择等关键因素，以提升脱盐效率和资源回收率。结果表明，该联用技术在处理含盐量高达10%的化工废水中表现出显著优势，脱盐率可达95%以上，同时实现了部分水资源的回用。此外，创新性地提出了一种基于能量回收的系统集成方案，有效降低了运行能耗，使整体工艺更具经济性。本研究的主要贡献在于突破了单一技术局限性，通过多技术耦合与参数优化，为高盐化工废水处理提供了新思路，同时为相关领域的工程实践奠定了理论基础。研究成果对推动化工行业绿色转型具有重要意义。

关键词：高盐化工废水；电渗析-膜蒸馏联用技术；脱盐效率

Abstract

The issue of high salinity in chemical wastewater has become a critical bottleneck constraining the sustainable development of industry, characterized by significant treatment challenges, high costs, and low efficiency of traditional technologies. To address this issue, this study focuses on the application of efficient desalination technologies in chemical wastewater treatment, aiming to develop an economically viable and environmentally friendly solution. Through a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various desalination technologies, this study selected the combined use of electrodialysis (ED) and membrane distillation (MD) as the core method, with experimental validation conducted using actual wastewater samples. An optimized parameter control strategy was introduced in the experimental design, including key factors such as operating voltage, flow rate, and membrane material selection, to enhance desalination efficiency and resource recovery rates. The results indicate that this hybrid technology demonstrates significant advantages in treating chemical wastewater with salt concentrations as high as 10%, achieving a desalination rate of over 95% while enabling partial reuse of water resources. Additionally, an innovative system integration scheme based on energy recovery was proposed, effectively reducing operational energy consumption and enhancing the economic feasibility of the overall process. The primary contribution of this study lies in overcoming the limitations of single technologies through multi-technology coupling and parameter optimization, providing new insights into the treatment of high-salinity chemical wastewater and laying a theoretical foundation for engineering practices in related fields. The research findings hold important implications for promoting the green transformation of the chemical industry..

Key Words：High Salt Chemical Wastewater；Electrodialysis-Membrane Distillation Hybrid Technology；Desalination Efficiency

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 化工废水处理的背景与挑战 1

1.2 高效脱盐技术的应用意义 1

1.3 国内外研究现状分析 1

1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章高效脱盐技术原理与分类 3

2.1 脱盐技术的基本原理 3

2.2 主要高效脱盐技术分类 3

2.3 反渗透技术在化工废水中的应用 4