摘 要
森林病虫害是威胁全球森林生态系统健康和可持续发展的重要因素，传统化学防治手段虽见效快，但易引发环境污染、抗药性等问题。本研究旨在探索生物防治技术在森林病虫害管理中的应用潜力及其实际效果，为生态友好型防治策略提供科学依据。研究选取典型森林病虫害种类，通过田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法，评估了多种生物防治措施（如天敌引入、微生物制剂施用及植物源农药开发）的可行性和有效性。结果表明，生物防治技术能够显著降低目标害虫种群密度，同时对非靶标生物影响较小，具有较高的生态安全性。此外，研究创新性地提出了一种基于本地物种多样性的综合防治模式，该模式结合了生态调控与精准干预，有效提升了森林生态系统的自我修复能力。研究表明，生物防治不仅可作为化学防治的替代方案，还为实现森林资源的长期保护提供了新思路，其经济、社会与生态效益值得进一步推广与优化。
关键词：森林病虫害; 生物防治; 生态安全性; 天敌引入; 综合防治模式
Abstract
Forest pests and diseases are significant factors threatening the health and sustainable development of global forest ecosystems. Although traditional chemical control methods are effective in the short term, they often lead to environmental pollution and pesticide resistance. This study aims to explore the application potential and practical effects of biological control technologies in forest pest management, providing scientific evidence for eco-friendly control strategies. By selecting typical forest pests, this research evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of various biological control measures, including the introduction of natural enemies, the application of microbial agents, and the development of plant-derived pesticides, through a combination of field experiments and laboratory analyses. The results indicate that biological control technologies can significantly reduce the population density of target pests while exerting minimal impact on non-target organisms, thus demonstrating high ecological safety. Furthermore, this study innovatively proposes an integrated control model based on local species diversity, which combines ecological regulation with precise intervention to effectively enhance the self-repair capacity of forest ecosystems. The findings suggest that biological control can serve as an alternative to chemical control and offer new approaches for the long-term protection of forest resources, with its economic, social, and ecological benefits warranting further promotion and optimization.
Key words:Forest Pest Diseases; Biological Control; Ecological Safety; Natural Enemy Introduction; Integrated Control Model
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、森林病虫害防治技术概述 2
1.1、生物防治技术的定义与分类 2
1.2、传统防治方法的局限性分析 2
1.3、生物防治技术的优势与挑战 2
第2章、生物防治技术的关键要素研究 4
2.1、天敌昆虫的应用与选择策略 4
2.2、微生物制剂的作用机制分析 4
2.3、植物源物质在防治中的应用 4
第3章、生物防治技术的实施与管理 6
3.1、防治方案的设计与优化 6
3.2、实施过程中的环境监测与调控 6
3.3、技术推广中的问题与对策 6
第4章、生物防治技术的应用效果评估 8
4.1、病虫害控制效果的量化分析 8
4.2、生态系统影响的综合评价 8
4.3、经济效益与可持续性分析 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
森林病虫害是威胁全球森林生态系统健康和可持续发展的重要因素，传统化学防治手段虽见效快，但易引发环境污染、抗药性等问题。本研究旨在探索生物防治技术在森林病虫害管理中的应用潜力及其实际效果，为生态友好型防治策略提供科学依据。研究选取典型森林病虫害种类，通过田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法，评估了多种生物防治措施（如天敌引入、微生物制剂施用及植物源农药开发）的可行性和有效性。结果表明，生物防治技术能够显著降低目标害虫种群密度，同时对非靶标生物影响较小，具有较高的生态安全性。此外，研究创新性地提出了一种基于本地物种多样性的综合防治模式，该模式结合了生态调控与精准干预，有效提升了森林生态系统的自我修复能力。研究表明，生物防治不仅可作为化学防治的替代方案，还为实现森林资源的长期保护提供了新思路，其经济、社会与生态效益值得进一步推广与优化。
关键词：森林病虫害; 生物防治; 生态安全性; 天敌引入; 综合防治模式
Abstract
Forest pests and diseases are significant factors threatening the health and sustainable development of global forest ecosystems. Although traditional chemical control methods are effective in the short term, they often lead to environmental pollution and pesticide resistance. This study aims to explore the application potential and practical effects of biological control technologies in forest pest management, providing scientific evidence for eco-friendly control strategies. By selecting typical forest pests, this research evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of various biological control measures, including the introduction of natural enemies, the application of microbial agents, and the development of plant-derived pesticides, through a combination of field experiments and laboratory analyses. The results indicate that biological control technologies can significantly reduce the population density of target pests while exerting minimal impact on non-target organisms, thus demonstrating high ecological safety. Furthermore, this study innovatively proposes an integrated control model based on local species diversity, which combines ecological regulation with precise intervention to effectively enhance the self-repair capacity of forest ecosystems. The findings suggest that biological control can serve as an alternative to chemical control and offer new approaches for the long-term protection of forest resources, with its economic, social, and ecological benefits warranting further promotion and optimization.
Key words:Forest Pest Diseases; Biological Control; Ecological Safety; Natural Enemy Introduction; Integrated Control Model
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、森林病虫害防治技术概述 2
1.1、生物防治技术的定义与分类 2
1.2、传统防治方法的局限性分析 2
1.3、生物防治技术的优势与挑战 2
第2章、生物防治技术的关键要素研究 4
2.1、天敌昆虫的应用与选择策略 4
2.2、微生物制剂的作用机制分析 4
2.3、植物源物质在防治中的应用 4
第3章、生物防治技术的实施与管理 6
3.1、防治方案的设计与优化 6
3.2、实施过程中的环境监测与调控 6
3.3、技术推广中的问题与对策 6
第4章、生物防治技术的应用效果评估 8
4.1、病虫害控制效果的量化分析 8
4.2、生态系统影响的综合评价 8
4.3、经济效益与可持续性分析 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
