摘 要
随着全球生态问题日益突出，造林模式的选择对林木生长及生态系统功能的提升具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨不同造林模式对林木生长的影响，并提出优化方案以提高造林效益。通过选取典型区域的三种主要造林模式（单一树种造林、混交造林和近自然造林），采用长期定位观测与数据分析相结合的方法，系统评估了各模式下林木的生长速率、生物量积累及生态适应性。结果表明，混交造林和近自然造林在促进林木生长和增强生态系统稳定性方面表现更优，而单一树种造林虽初期生长较快，但易受病虫害影响且长期效益较低。创新点在于首次将生态适应性指标纳入造林模式评价体系，并结合区域特点提出了动态优化策略，为科学选择造林模式提供了理论依据和技术支持。研究表明，合理配置树种结构和模拟自然演替过程是提升造林质量的关键途径。
关键词：造林模式; 混交造林; 近自然造林; 生态适应性; 树种结构优化
Abstract
As global ecological issues become increasingly prominent, the selection of afforestation models plays a crucial role in promoting tree growth and enhancing ecosystem functions. This study investigates the impacts of different afforestation models on tree growth and proposes optimization strategies to improve afforestation efficiency. By selecting three primary afforestation models—monoculture planting, mixed-species planting, and near-natural afforestation—in typical regions, a combination of long-term site-specific observations and data analysis was employed to systematically evaluate tree growth rates, biomass accumulation, and ecological adaptability under each model. The results indicate that mixed-species planting and near-natural afforestation demonstrate superior performance in promoting tree growth and strengthening ecosystem stability, whereas monoculture planting, despite faster initial growth, is more susceptible to pests and diseases and exhibits lower long-term benefits. An innovation of this study lies in the first-time incorporation of ecological adaptability indicators into the evaluation system for afforestation models, along with the proposal of dynamic optimization strategies tailored to regional characteristics, thereby providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the scientific selection of afforestation models. The findings suggest that rational species configuration and simulation of natural succession processes are key approaches to improving afforestation quality.
Key words:Afforestation Model; Mixed Afforestation; Near-Natural Afforestation; Ecological Adaptability; Tree Species Structure Optimization
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、造林模式与林木生长的基础分析 2
1.1、造林模式的分类与特点 2
1.2、林木生长的关键影响因素 2
1.3、模式与生长的初步关联研究 2
第2章、不同造林模式对林木生长的影响机制 4
2.1、单一造林模式的生长效应 4
2.2、混交造林模式的生态优势 4
2.3、特殊环境下的适应性造林模式 5
第3章、造林模式优化的技术路径与方法 6
3.1、土壤条件与造林模式匹配优化 6
3.2、气候因素对造林模式的选择影响 6
3.3、生物多样性保护与造林模式优化 7
第4章、实践案例分析与优化方案验证 8
4.1、典型区域造林模式效果评估 8
4.2、优化方案在实际应用中的表现 8
4.3、经济效益与生态效益综合评价 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
随着全球生态问题日益突出，造林模式的选择对林木生长及生态系统功能的提升具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨不同造林模式对林木生长的影响，并提出优化方案以提高造林效益。通过选取典型区域的三种主要造林模式（单一树种造林、混交造林和近自然造林），采用长期定位观测与数据分析相结合的方法，系统评估了各模式下林木的生长速率、生物量积累及生态适应性。结果表明，混交造林和近自然造林在促进林木生长和增强生态系统稳定性方面表现更优，而单一树种造林虽初期生长较快，但易受病虫害影响且长期效益较低。创新点在于首次将生态适应性指标纳入造林模式评价体系，并结合区域特点提出了动态优化策略，为科学选择造林模式提供了理论依据和技术支持。研究表明，合理配置树种结构和模拟自然演替过程是提升造林质量的关键途径。
关键词：造林模式; 混交造林; 近自然造林; 生态适应性; 树种结构优化
Abstract
As global ecological issues become increasingly prominent, the selection of afforestation models plays a crucial role in promoting tree growth and enhancing ecosystem functions. This study investigates the impacts of different afforestation models on tree growth and proposes optimization strategies to improve afforestation efficiency. By selecting three primary afforestation models—monoculture planting, mixed-species planting, and near-natural afforestation—in typical regions, a combination of long-term site-specific observations and data analysis was employed to systematically evaluate tree growth rates, biomass accumulation, and ecological adaptability under each model. The results indicate that mixed-species planting and near-natural afforestation demonstrate superior performance in promoting tree growth and strengthening ecosystem stability, whereas monoculture planting, despite faster initial growth, is more susceptible to pests and diseases and exhibits lower long-term benefits. An innovation of this study lies in the first-time incorporation of ecological adaptability indicators into the evaluation system for afforestation models, along with the proposal of dynamic optimization strategies tailored to regional characteristics, thereby providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the scientific selection of afforestation models. The findings suggest that rational species configuration and simulation of natural succession processes are key approaches to improving afforestation quality.
Key words:Afforestation Model; Mixed Afforestation; Near-Natural Afforestation; Ecological Adaptability; Tree Species Structure Optimization
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、造林模式与林木生长的基础分析 2
1.1、造林模式的分类与特点 2
1.2、林木生长的关键影响因素 2
1.3、模式与生长的初步关联研究 2
第2章、不同造林模式对林木生长的影响机制 4
2.1、单一造林模式的生长效应 4
2.2、混交造林模式的生态优势 4
2.3、特殊环境下的适应性造林模式 5
第3章、造林模式优化的技术路径与方法 6
3.1、土壤条件与造林模式匹配优化 6
3.2、气候因素对造林模式的选择影响 6
3.3、生物多样性保护与造林模式优化 7
第4章、实践案例分析与优化方案验证 8
4.1、典型区域造林模式效果评估 8
4.2、优化方案在实际应用中的表现 8
4.3、经济效益与生态效益综合评价 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
