跨国公司技术转移的模式与经济效应
摘 要
随着经济全球化的深入发展，跨国公司作为技术转移的重要载体，在推动国际间技术创新与产业升级方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本研究以跨国公司技术转移为切入点，系统探讨其主要模式及其对东道国和母国的经济效应。通过构建理论框架并结合实证分析方法，本文利用面板数据模型对多个国家的技术转移案例进行了量化研究。研究发现，跨国公司的技术转移主要表现为直接投资、许可证贸易和技术合作三种模式，且不同模式对经济增长的贡献存在显著差异。具体而言，直接投资模式在促进东道国就业增长和产业结构优化方面效果显著，而技术合作模式则更有利于提升母国的技术溢出效应。此外，本研究创新性地引入了技术吸收能力这一中介变量，揭示了东道国本地企业技术水平对技术转移效果的调节作用。研究表明，只有当东道国具备较高的技术吸收能力时，跨国公司技术转移的正向经济效应才能得到充分发挥。
关键词：跨国公司 技术转移 直接投资
Abstract
With the deepening development of economic globalization, multinational corporations, as an important carrier of technology transfer, play an irreplaceable role in promoting international technological innovation and industrial upgrading. This study takes the technology transfer of multinational companies as the entry point to systematically explore the main models and their economic effects on the host and home countries. By constructing a theoretical fr amework and combining with empirical analysis methods, this paper uses the panel data model. The study found that the technology transfer of multinational companies is mainly manifested in three modes: direct investment, license trade and technology cooperation, and the contribution of different modes to economic growth is significantly different. Specifically, the direct investment model has a significant effect in promoting employment growth and industrial structure optimization in the host country, while the technical cooperation model is more conducive to improving the technology spillover effect of the home country. In addition, this study innovatively introduced the intermediary variable of technology absorption capacity, which revealed the regulatory effect of technology transfer in the host country. Research shows that only when the host country has a high technology absorption capacity, the positive economic effect of the technology transfer of multinational companies can be fully played.
Keyword:Multinational Corporation Technology Transfer Direct Investment
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1跨国公司技术转移的研究背景 1
1.2技术转移与经济效应的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4 研究目的和内容 2
2跨国公司技术转移的主要模式 2
2.1直接投资与技术转移模式 2
2.2许可协议与技术转移路径 3
2.3合资合作与技术转移形式 3
3技术转移对经济发展的效应分析 4
3.1生产力提升的直接效应 4
3.2创新能力的溢出效应 4
3.3就业与产业结构优化的影响 5
4影响技术转移效果的关键因素 5
4.1政策环境对技术转移的作用 5
4.2知识产权保护的重要性 6
4.3受让方吸收能力的制约因素 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
摘 要
随着经济全球化的深入发展，跨国公司作为技术转移的重要载体，在推动国际间技术创新与产业升级方面发挥着不可替代的作用。本研究以跨国公司技术转移为切入点，系统探讨其主要模式及其对东道国和母国的经济效应。通过构建理论框架并结合实证分析方法，本文利用面板数据模型对多个国家的技术转移案例进行了量化研究。研究发现，跨国公司的技术转移主要表现为直接投资、许可证贸易和技术合作三种模式，且不同模式对经济增长的贡献存在显著差异。具体而言，直接投资模式在促进东道国就业增长和产业结构优化方面效果显著，而技术合作模式则更有利于提升母国的技术溢出效应。此外，本研究创新性地引入了技术吸收能力这一中介变量，揭示了东道国本地企业技术水平对技术转移效果的调节作用。研究表明，只有当东道国具备较高的技术吸收能力时，跨国公司技术转移的正向经济效应才能得到充分发挥。
关键词：跨国公司 技术转移 直接投资
Abstract
With the deepening development of economic globalization, multinational corporations, as an important carrier of technology transfer, play an irreplaceable role in promoting international technological innovation and industrial upgrading. This study takes the technology transfer of multinational companies as the entry point to systematically explore the main models and their economic effects on the host and home countries. By constructing a theoretical fr amework and combining with empirical analysis methods, this paper uses the panel data model. The study found that the technology transfer of multinational companies is mainly manifested in three modes: direct investment, license trade and technology cooperation, and the contribution of different modes to economic growth is significantly different. Specifically, the direct investment model has a significant effect in promoting employment growth and industrial structure optimization in the host country, while the technical cooperation model is more conducive to improving the technology spillover effect of the home country. In addition, this study innovatively introduced the intermediary variable of technology absorption capacity, which revealed the regulatory effect of technology transfer in the host country. Research shows that only when the host country has a high technology absorption capacity, the positive economic effect of the technology transfer of multinational companies can be fully played.
Keyword:Multinational Corporation Technology Transfer Direct Investment
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1跨国公司技术转移的研究背景 1
1.2技术转移与经济效应的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4 研究目的和内容 2
2跨国公司技术转移的主要模式 2
2.1直接投资与技术转移模式 2
2.2许可协议与技术转移路径 3
2.3合资合作与技术转移形式 3
3技术转移对经济发展的效应分析 4
3.1生产力提升的直接效应 4
3.2创新能力的溢出效应 4
3.3就业与产业结构优化的影响 5
4影响技术转移效果的关键因素 5
4.1政策环境对技术转移的作用 5
4.2知识产权保护的重要性 6
4.3受让方吸收能力的制约因素 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
