高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的制备与性能
摘要
导电聚合物材料因其在柔性电子、电磁屏蔽和传感器等领域的广泛应用而备受关注，其中聚苯胺因其优异的导电性和环境稳定性成为研究热点。然而，纯聚苯胺的机械性能较差，限制了其实际应用。为解决这一问题，本研究以提高聚苯胺复合材料的导电性与力学性能为目标，采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺与功能化石墨烯或碳纳米管的复合材料。通过优化单体浓度、氧化剂比例及掺杂剂类型等工艺参数，成功调控了复合材料的微观结构与导电网络分布。结果表明，功能化石墨烯的引入显著提升了复合材料的导电性，最高可达120 S/cm，同时拉伸强度较纯聚苯胺提高了约80%。此外，通过对比不同纳米填料对复合材料性能的影响，发现功能化石墨烯与聚苯胺之间形成了有效的π-π共轭相互作用，从而促进了电荷传输并增强了界面结合力。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种基于表面修饰与原位聚合协同作用的复合策略，实现了导电性与力学性能的同步提升，为高性能聚苯胺基复合材料的设计提供了新思路。研究成果可为柔性电子器件及智能材料的开发提供理论支持和技术参考。
关键词：聚苯胺；功能化石墨烯；导电性
Abstract
Conductive polymer materials have attracted significant attention due to their extensive applications in flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding, and sensors. Among these materials, polyaniline has become a research focus owing to its excellent conductivity and environmental stability. However, the poor mechanical properties of pure polyaniline limit its practical applications. To address this issue, this study aims to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties of polyaniline-based composites by employing an in-situ polymerization method to fabricate composites incorporating functionalized graphene or carbon nanotubes with polyaniline. By optimizing process parameters such as monomer concentration, oxidant ratio, and dopant type, the microstructure and conductive network distribution of the composites were successfully regulated. The results indicate that the introduction of functionalized graphene significantly improves the conductivity of the composites, achieving a maximum value of 120 S/cm, while the tensile strength increases by approximately 80% compared to pure polyaniline. Furthermore, a comparison of the effects of different nanofillers on the composite properties reveals that effective π-π conjugation interactions are formed between functionalized graphene and polyaniline, which promotes charge transport and enhances interfacial bonding. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a composite strategy based on the synergistic effect of surface modification and in-situ polymerization, achieving simultaneous improvements in conductivity and mechanical properties, and providing new insights into the design of high-performance polyaniline-based composites. The research findings offer theoretical support and technical references for the development of flexible electronic devices and smart materials.
Keywords：Polyaniline; Functionalized Graphene; Conductivity
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的研究背景 1
(二) 高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的研究意义 1
(三) 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法 2
(一) 聚苯胺的合成原理与工艺 2
(二) 复合材料的制备策略 3
(三) 不同掺杂剂对性能的影响分析 3
(四) 制备过程中的关键参数控制 4
三、高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的性能表征 4
(一) 导电性能测试与分析方法 4
(二) 力学性能的评价与优化 5
(三) 热稳定性的实验研究 5
(四) 性能影响因素的综合分析 6
四、应用导向的性能优化与改性研究 6
(一) 改性方法对导电性能的提升 6
(二) 表面修饰对复合材料的影响 7
(三) 功能化设计与实际应用需求 7
(四) 未来发展方向与潜在突破点 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
摘要
导电聚合物材料因其在柔性电子、电磁屏蔽和传感器等领域的广泛应用而备受关注，其中聚苯胺因其优异的导电性和环境稳定性成为研究热点。然而，纯聚苯胺的机械性能较差，限制了其实际应用。为解决这一问题，本研究以提高聚苯胺复合材料的导电性与力学性能为目标，采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺与功能化石墨烯或碳纳米管的复合材料。通过优化单体浓度、氧化剂比例及掺杂剂类型等工艺参数，成功调控了复合材料的微观结构与导电网络分布。结果表明，功能化石墨烯的引入显著提升了复合材料的导电性，最高可达120 S/cm，同时拉伸强度较纯聚苯胺提高了约80%。此外，通过对比不同纳米填料对复合材料性能的影响，发现功能化石墨烯与聚苯胺之间形成了有效的π-π共轭相互作用，从而促进了电荷传输并增强了界面结合力。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种基于表面修饰与原位聚合协同作用的复合策略，实现了导电性与力学性能的同步提升，为高性能聚苯胺基复合材料的设计提供了新思路。研究成果可为柔性电子器件及智能材料的开发提供理论支持和技术参考。
关键词：聚苯胺；功能化石墨烯；导电性
Abstract
Conductive polymer materials have attracted significant attention due to their extensive applications in flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding, and sensors. Among these materials, polyaniline has become a research focus owing to its excellent conductivity and environmental stability. However, the poor mechanical properties of pure polyaniline limit its practical applications. To address this issue, this study aims to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties of polyaniline-based composites by employing an in-situ polymerization method to fabricate composites incorporating functionalized graphene or carbon nanotubes with polyaniline. By optimizing process parameters such as monomer concentration, oxidant ratio, and dopant type, the microstructure and conductive network distribution of the composites were successfully regulated. The results indicate that the introduction of functionalized graphene significantly improves the conductivity of the composites, achieving a maximum value of 120 S/cm, while the tensile strength increases by approximately 80% compared to pure polyaniline. Furthermore, a comparison of the effects of different nanofillers on the composite properties reveals that effective π-π conjugation interactions are formed between functionalized graphene and polyaniline, which promotes charge transport and enhances interfacial bonding. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a composite strategy based on the synergistic effect of surface modification and in-situ polymerization, achieving simultaneous improvements in conductivity and mechanical properties, and providing new insights into the design of high-performance polyaniline-based composites. The research findings offer theoretical support and technical references for the development of flexible electronic devices and smart materials.
Keywords：Polyaniline; Functionalized Graphene; Conductivity
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的研究背景 1
(二) 高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的研究意义 1
(三) 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法 2
(一) 聚苯胺的合成原理与工艺 2
(二) 复合材料的制备策略 3
(三) 不同掺杂剂对性能的影响分析 3
(四) 制备过程中的关键参数控制 4
三、高导电性聚苯胺复合材料的性能表征 4
(一) 导电性能测试与分析方法 4
(二) 力学性能的评价与优化 5
(三) 热稳定性的实验研究 5
(四) 性能影响因素的综合分析 6
四、应用导向的性能优化与改性研究 6
(一) 改性方法对导电性能的提升 6
(二) 表面修饰对复合材料的影响 7
(三) 功能化设计与实际应用需求 7
(四) 未来发展方向与潜在突破点 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
