工程项目中的全生命周期成本管理
工程项目全生命周期成本管理是现代工程管理的重要组成部分，随着工程项目规模不断扩大、复杂程度日益提高以及资源环境约束加剧，传统的成本管理模式难以满足项目精细化管理需求。为此，本文旨在构建一套科学合理的工程项目全生命周期成本管理体系，以实现对工程项目从规划决策到竣工交付乃至运营维护各阶段的成本进行有效控制。基于系统理论与价值工程理论，采用文献研究法梳理国内外相关研究成果，运用案例分析法选取典型工程项目深入剖析其成本构成要素及影响因素，并结合实地调研获取一手数据。研究发现，通过建立涵盖前期策划、设计优化、施工过程动态监控、后期运维反馈调整的全生命周期成本管理机制，能够显著降低工程项目总成本，提高资源利用效率。创新性地提出将信息技术融入成本管理流程，借助BIM（建筑信息模型）技术实现成本信息实时共享与协同工作，为工程项目成本管理提供了新思路。
关 键 词：全生命周期成本管理，工程项目管理，成本控制机制
Full-life-cycle cost management in engineering projects
ABSTRACT
The whole life cycle cost management of engineering projects is an important part of modern engineering management. With the continuous expansion of the project scale, the increasing complexity and the intensification of resource and environmental constraints, the traditional cost management mode is difficult to meet the needs of the project fine management. To this end, this paper aims to build a set of scientific and reasonable project full life cycle cost management system, in order to realize the effective control of the cost of the project from planning decision to completion and delivery and even the stage of operation and maintenance. Based on the system theory and value engineering theory, the literature research method is used to sort out the relevant research results at home and abroad, and the case analysis method is selected to deeply analyze the cost components and influencing factors, and obtain primary data combined with field research. It is found that through the establishment of a whole life cycle cost management mechanism covering early planning, design optimization, dynamic monitoring of construction process and later operation and maintenance feedback adjustment, the total cost of the project can be significantly reduced and the resource utilization efficiency can be improved. It innovatively proposes to integrate the information technology into the cost management process, and realizes the real-time cost information sharing and collaborative work with the help of BIM (building information model) technology, which provides a new idea for the project cost management.
KEY WORDS：Life-Cycle Cost Management，Engineering Project Management，Cost Control Mechanism
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与创新点 2
第2章 全生命周期成本管理理论框架 3
2.1 成本构成要素分析 3
各阶段成本特点 3
成本影响因素识别 4
理论模型构建 5
第3章 本控制关键环节分析 6
3.1 设计阶段成本优化策略 6
施工过程成本监控 6
运营维护成本管理 7
拆除回收成本考量 8
第4章 实施机制与保障措施 9
4.1 组织架构设计 9
信息化支撑体系 9
风险预警机制 10
绩效评价体系 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
