超声强化传质在化工过程中的应用研究
摘要
超声技术作为一种高效强化传质手段，在化工过程中的应用日益受到关注。传统化工传质过程存在效率低、能耗高、反应不完全等问题，而超声波能够通过空化效应、机械振动和热效应等机制显著改善物质传递效果。本研究旨在探讨超声强化传质在典型化工单元操作中的应用潜力及其作用机理，以期为工业生产提供理论支持和技术指导。实验选取了气液吸收、液液萃取、结晶等典型化工过程作为研究对象，采用不同频率和功率的超声设备进行强化处理，并结合数值模拟分析了超声参数对传质系数、传质速率及产品质量的影响规律。结果表明，超声强化可使传质系数提高30%-80%，传质速率提升2-5倍，同时有效降低了体系的活化能，促进了化学反应的进行。特别是在难溶气体吸收和微细晶体生长方面表现出独特优势。本研究创新性地提出了基于超声空化效应的多相流场模型，揭示了超声强化传质的本质特征，为优化化工工艺设计提供了新思路。此外，还建立了超声强化传质过程的评价体系，为工业化应用奠定了基础。研究表明，超声技术不仅能够显著提高化工过程的效率，还能降低能耗和成本，具有广阔的应用前景。
关键词：超声强化传质；空化效应；化工单元操作
Abstract
Ultrasonic technology, as an efficient means to enhance mass transfer, has garnered increasing attention in chemical processes. Traditional chemical mass transfer processes suffer from low efficiency, high energy consumption, and incomplete reactions. Ultrasonic waves can significantly improve mass transfer performance through mechanisms such as cavitation effects, mechanical vibrations, and thermal effects. This study aims to explore the application potential and underlying mechanisms of ultrasonic-enhanced mass transfer in typical chemical unit operations, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for industrial production. Experiments were conducted on typical chemical processes including gas-liquid absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization using ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and powers. Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the impact of ultrasonic parameters on mass transfer coefficients, mass transfer rates, and product quality. Results indicate that ultrasonic enhancement can increase mass transfer coefficients by 30%-80%, elevate mass transfer rates by 2-5 times, and effectively reduce activation energy, thereby promoting chemical reactions. Notably, it exhibits unique advantages in the absorption of sparingly soluble gases and the growth of microcrystals. This research innovatively proposes a multiphase flow field model based on ultrasonic cavitation effects, revealing the intrinsic characteristics of ultrasonic-enhanced mass transfer and offering new insights for optimizing chemical process design. Additionally, an evaluation system for ultrasonic-enhanced mass transfer processes was established, laying the foundation for industrial applications. The study demonstrates that ultrasonic technology not only significantly improves the efficiency of chemical processes but also reduces energy consumption and costs, showcasing broad application prospects.
Keywords：Ultrasonic Enhanced Mass Transfer; Cavitation Effect; Chemical Engineering Unit Operations
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 超声强化传质的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、超声波作用机理分析 2
(一) 超声波物理特性概述 2
(二) 超声对流体流动的影响 3
(三) 超声促进分子扩散机制 3
(四) 超声空化效应及其应用 4
三、超声强化传质过程优化 4
(一) 影响传质效率的关键因素 4
(二) 最佳超声参数选择 5
(三) 强化传质的工艺设计 6
(四) 工业应用中的节能效果 6
四、实际化工过程中的应用案例 7
(一) 液液萃取过程强化 7
(二) 气液吸收过程改进 7
(三) 固液反应速率提升 8
(四) 复杂体系中的综合应用 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
摘要
超声技术作为一种高效强化传质手段，在化工过程中的应用日益受到关注。传统化工传质过程存在效率低、能耗高、反应不完全等问题，而超声波能够通过空化效应、机械振动和热效应等机制显著改善物质传递效果。本研究旨在探讨超声强化传质在典型化工单元操作中的应用潜力及其作用机理，以期为工业生产提供理论支持和技术指导。实验选取了气液吸收、液液萃取、结晶等典型化工过程作为研究对象，采用不同频率和功率的超声设备进行强化处理，并结合数值模拟分析了超声参数对传质系数、传质速率及产品质量的影响规律。结果表明，超声强化可使传质系数提高30%-80%，传质速率提升2-5倍，同时有效降低了体系的活化能，促进了化学反应的进行。特别是在难溶气体吸收和微细晶体生长方面表现出独特优势。本研究创新性地提出了基于超声空化效应的多相流场模型，揭示了超声强化传质的本质特征，为优化化工工艺设计提供了新思路。此外，还建立了超声强化传质过程的评价体系，为工业化应用奠定了基础。研究表明，超声技术不仅能够显著提高化工过程的效率，还能降低能耗和成本，具有广阔的应用前景。
关键词：超声强化传质；空化效应；化工单元操作
Abstract
Ultrasonic technology, as an efficient means to enhance mass transfer, has garnered increasing attention in chemical processes. Traditional chemical mass transfer processes suffer from low efficiency, high energy consumption, and incomplete reactions. Ultrasonic waves can significantly improve mass transfer performance through mechanisms such as cavitation effects, mechanical vibrations, and thermal effects. This study aims to explore the application potential and underlying mechanisms of ultrasonic-enhanced mass transfer in typical chemical unit operations, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for industrial production. Experiments were conducted on typical chemical processes including gas-liquid absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization using ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and powers. Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the impact of ultrasonic parameters on mass transfer coefficients, mass transfer rates, and product quality. Results indicate that ultrasonic enhancement can increase mass transfer coefficients by 30%-80%, elevate mass transfer rates by 2-5 times, and effectively reduce activation energy, thereby promoting chemical reactions. Notably, it exhibits unique advantages in the absorption of sparingly soluble gases and the growth of microcrystals. This research innovatively proposes a multiphase flow field model based on ultrasonic cavitation effects, revealing the intrinsic characteristics of ultrasonic-enhanced mass transfer and offering new insights for optimizing chemical process design. Additionally, an evaluation system for ultrasonic-enhanced mass transfer processes was established, laying the foundation for industrial applications. The study demonstrates that ultrasonic technology not only significantly improves the efficiency of chemical processes but also reduces energy consumption and costs, showcasing broad application prospects.
Keywords：Ultrasonic Enhanced Mass Transfer; Cavitation Effect; Chemical Engineering Unit Operations
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 超声强化传质的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、超声波作用机理分析 2
(一) 超声波物理特性概述 2
(二) 超声对流体流动的影响 3
(三) 超声促进分子扩散机制 3
(四) 超声空化效应及其应用 4
三、超声强化传质过程优化 4
(一) 影响传质效率的关键因素 4
(二) 最佳超声参数选择 5
(三) 强化传质的工艺设计 6
(四) 工业应用中的节能效果 6
四、实际化工过程中的应用案例 7
(一) 液液萃取过程强化 7
(二) 气液吸收过程改进 7
(三) 固液反应速率提升 8
(四) 复杂体系中的综合应用 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
