生物质基炭材料的制备与储能应用研究
摘要
随着全球能源需求的不断增长和对传统化石能源依赖引发的环境问题日益严重，开发高效、环保的储能材料成为当务之急。生物质基炭材料因原料来源广泛、成本低廉且环境友好而备受关注。本研究旨在探索以不同生物质为原料制备高性能炭材料并应用于储能领域的方法与机制。采用热解法、活化法等手段处理多种生物质原料，在优化工艺参数过程中发现，通过控制热解温度、时间及气氛等因素可有效调控炭材料的微观结构与物理化学性质。实验结果表明所制备的炭材料具有高比表面积、丰富孔隙结构以及良好的导电性能，在超级电容器和锂离子电池中展现出优异的电化学性能。特别是利用农业废弃物稻壳为原料制备的多级孔炭材料，在电流密度为1A/g时比电容可达300F/g，循环稳定性良好。本研究不仅为生物质资源的有效利用提供了新思路，还为开发新型高性能储能炭材料开辟了途径，其创新之处在于将特定生物质结构特性与储能应用需求相结合，实现了从废弃生物质到高附加值储能材料的转化，为推动绿色能源技术发展做出贡献。
关键词：生物质基炭材料；储能材料；热解法；多级孔结构；电化学性能
Abstract
With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasingly severe environmental issues caused by reliance on traditional fossil fuels, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage materials has become an urgent task. Biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted significant attention due to their wide availability, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This study aims to explore methods and mechanisms for preparing high-performance carbon materials from different biomass sources for application in energy storage. Various biomass materials were processed using pyrolysis and activation techniques, revealing that controlling factors such as pyrolysis temperature, time, and atmosphere can effectively regulate the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the carbon materials during the optimization of process parameters. Experimental results indicate that the prepared carbon materials possess high specific surface areas, abundant pore structures, and excellent electrical conductivity, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. Notably, hierarchically porous carbon materials derived from agricultural waste rice husks exhibit a specific capacitance of up to 300 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, with good cycling stability. This research not only provides new insights into the effective utilization of biomass resources but also paves the way for developing novel high-performance energy storage carbon materials. Its innovation lies in combining the structural characteristics of specific biomasses with the requirements of energy storage applications, achieving the transformation from waste biomass to high-value-added energy storage materials, thereby contributing to the advancement of green energy technologies.
Keywords：Biomass-Based Carbon Materials; Energy Storage Materials; Pyrolysis Method; Hierarchical Porous Structure; Electrochemical Performance
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 生物质基炭材料研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、生物质基炭材料的制备工艺 2
(一) 原料选择与预处理 2
(二) 炭化工艺参数优化 3
(三) 材料微观结构调控 3
(四) 制备过程中的环境影响 4
三、生物质基炭材料的性能表征 4
(一) 物理化学性质分析 4
(二) 电化学性能测试 5
(三) 结构 6
(四) 性能稳定性评估 6
四、生物质基炭材料的储能应用 7
(一) 在超级电容器中的应用 7
(二) 在锂离子电池中的应用 8
(三) 在钠离子电池中的应用 8
(四) 应用前景与挑战 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
摘要
随着全球能源需求的不断增长和对传统化石能源依赖引发的环境问题日益严重，开发高效、环保的储能材料成为当务之急。生物质基炭材料因原料来源广泛、成本低廉且环境友好而备受关注。本研究旨在探索以不同生物质为原料制备高性能炭材料并应用于储能领域的方法与机制。采用热解法、活化法等手段处理多种生物质原料，在优化工艺参数过程中发现，通过控制热解温度、时间及气氛等因素可有效调控炭材料的微观结构与物理化学性质。实验结果表明所制备的炭材料具有高比表面积、丰富孔隙结构以及良好的导电性能，在超级电容器和锂离子电池中展现出优异的电化学性能。特别是利用农业废弃物稻壳为原料制备的多级孔炭材料，在电流密度为1A/g时比电容可达300F/g，循环稳定性良好。本研究不仅为生物质资源的有效利用提供了新思路，还为开发新型高性能储能炭材料开辟了途径，其创新之处在于将特定生物质结构特性与储能应用需求相结合，实现了从废弃生物质到高附加值储能材料的转化，为推动绿色能源技术发展做出贡献。
关键词：生物质基炭材料；储能材料；热解法；多级孔结构；电化学性能
Abstract
With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasingly severe environmental issues caused by reliance on traditional fossil fuels, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage materials has become an urgent task. Biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted significant attention due to their wide availability, low cost, and environmental friendliness. This study aims to explore methods and mechanisms for preparing high-performance carbon materials from different biomass sources for application in energy storage. Various biomass materials were processed using pyrolysis and activation techniques, revealing that controlling factors such as pyrolysis temperature, time, and atmosphere can effectively regulate the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the carbon materials during the optimization of process parameters. Experimental results indicate that the prepared carbon materials possess high specific surface areas, abundant pore structures, and excellent electrical conductivity, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. Notably, hierarchically porous carbon materials derived from agricultural waste rice husks exhibit a specific capacitance of up to 300 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, with good cycling stability. This research not only provides new insights into the effective utilization of biomass resources but also paves the way for developing novel high-performance energy storage carbon materials. Its innovation lies in combining the structural characteristics of specific biomasses with the requirements of energy storage applications, achieving the transformation from waste biomass to high-value-added energy storage materials, thereby contributing to the advancement of green energy technologies.
Keywords：Biomass-Based Carbon Materials; Energy Storage Materials; Pyrolysis Method; Hierarchical Porous Structure; Electrochemical Performance
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 生物质基炭材料研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、生物质基炭材料的制备工艺 2
(一) 原料选择与预处理 2
(二) 炭化工艺参数优化 3
(三) 材料微观结构调控 3
(四) 制备过程中的环境影响 4
三、生物质基炭材料的性能表征 4
(一) 物理化学性质分析 4
(二) 电化学性能测试 5
(三) 结构 6
(四) 性能稳定性评估 6
四、生物质基炭材料的储能应用 7
(一) 在超级电容器中的应用 7
(二) 在锂离子电池中的应用 8
(三) 在钠离子电池中的应用 8
(四) 应用前景与挑战 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
