摘 要
鲁迅小说中的“看客”形象是中国现代文学研究的重要课题，通过对这一独特群体的剖析，揭示了中国近现代社会转型期民众的精神状态和社会心理特征。本研究旨在探讨鲁迅作品中“看客”形象的社会批判意义，以《狂人日记》《孔乙己》《阿Q正传》等经典作品为文本基础，运用文本细读与社会历史批评相结合的方法，深入分析“看客”的行为模式、心理特征及其产生的社会根源。研究表明，“看客”现象不仅是对个体麻木不仁的刻画，更深刻反映了传统社会结构下民众集体无意识的形成机制。“看客”们在围观他人的同时，也暴露了自身精神世界的空虚与冷漠，这种旁观者的姿态成为阻碍社会进步的重要因素。研究发现，鲁迅通过塑造“看客”形象，不仅批判了国民劣根性，更揭示了社会变革的迫切性。本文创新性地将“看客”现象置于社会心理学视角下进行考察，指出其作为集体无意识的表现形式，具有超越时代的普遍意义，为理解中国近现代社会转型提供了新的理论视角，丰富了鲁迅研究的学术内涵。
关键词：鲁迅小说；看客形象；社会批判；集体无意识；国民劣根性
The Social Critique of the “Bystander” Figure in Lu Xun’s Novels
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract
The portrayal of the "bystander" figure in Lu Xun's novels is a significant subject in the study of modern Chinese literature. By analyzing this unique group, it reveals the mental state and social psychological characteristics of the people during China's socio-historical transformation period. This study aims to explore the social critical significance of the "bystander" image in Lu Xun's works, using classic texts such as "A Madman's Diary," "Kong Yiji," and "The True Story of Ah Q" as foundational materials. Employing a method that combines close reading with socio-historical criticism, this research delves into the behavioral patterns, psychological traits, and social origins of the "bystanders." The findings indicate that the phenomenon of "bystanders" not only portrays individual apathy but also profoundly reflects the formation mechanism of collective unconsciousness under traditional social structures. As these "bystanders" observe others, they expose their own spiritual emptiness and indifference, which becomes a crucial impediment to social progress. It is discovered that through the creation of the "bystander" image, Lu Xun not only criticizes national weaknesses but also underscores the urgency of social reform. Innovatively placing the "bystander" phenomenon within a social psychology perspective, this study points out its manifestation as a form of collective unconsciousness, highlighting its transcendent and universal significance beyond time. This provides a new theoretical angle for understanding China's socio-historical transformation and enriches the academic connotations of Lu Xun studies.
Keywords: Lu Xun Novels；Bystander Image；Social Criticism；Collective Unconscious；National Character Flaws
目 录
引言 1
一、“看客”形象的文学呈现与社会背景 1
(一)鲁迅笔下的“看客”形象 1
(二)社会历史语境中的“看客”形象 2
(三)文学创作中的“看客”形象 2
二、“看客”形象的心理剖析与文化根源 3
(一)传统观念对“看客”形成的影响 3
(二)群体意识中的“看客”的心理特征 3
三、“看客”现象的社会批判意义 4
(一)揭示国民劣根性 4
(二)批判社会冷漠态度 5
(三)反思群体无意识行为 5
四、“看客”形象的现代启示与价值 6
(一)当代社会的“看客”形象 6
(二)引导积极的社会参与“看客”形象 6
(三)构建健康的社会心态 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 9
