摘 要
随着全球能源转型和环境保护需求的日益迫切，电动汽车作为绿色交通的重要组成部分得到快速发展，而充电站作为其基础设施的关键环节，其能效问题备受关注。本研究旨在构建科学合理的电动汽车充电站能效评估体系并提出优化策略。基于此，选取典型城市多个充电站为样本，综合考虑电力系统、充电设施、用户行为等多方面因素，运用层次分析法确定各指标权重，建立包含输入输出电量、设备利用率、充电时长等在内的能效评估模型。通过实地调研收集数据进行量化分析，发现现有充电站存在设备闲置率高、峰谷时段充电不均衡等问题。针对上述问题提出基于智能调度算法的优化方案，该方案能够根据电网负荷情况动态调整充电功率，在保障用户体验的同时提高整体能效。结果表明，经优化后充电站平均能效提升约20%，且有效缓解了对电网的冲击。本研究创新性地将多因素融合于能效评估中，并引入智能调度实现优化，为同类研究及实际应用提供了新思路与参考依据，有助于推动电动汽车充电基础设施建设向高效化方向发展。
关键词：电动汽车充电站 能效评估 智能调度算法
Abstract
With the increasing urgency of global energy transition and environmental protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have rapidly developed as a crucial component of green transportation. As a key link in their infrastructure, the energy efficiency of EV charging stations has garnered significant attention. This study aims to construct a scientific and rational energy efficiency evaluation system for EV charging stations and propose optimization strategies. To this end, multiple typical urban charging stations were selected as samples, considering various factors such as power systems, charging facilities, and user behavior. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the weights of each indicator, establishing an energy efficiency evaluation model that includes input and output electricity, equipment utilization rate, and charging duration. Through field surveys and data collection, quantitative analysis revealed issues such as high equipment idleness and imbalanced charging during peak and off-peak hours. In response to these problems, an optimization solution based on intelligent scheduling algorithms was proposed, which dynamically adjusts charging power according to grid load conditions, thereby enhancing overall energy efficiency while ensuring user experience. The results indicate that after optimization, the average energy efficiency of charging stations improved by approximately 20%, effectively mitigating the impact on the power grid. This research innovatively integrates multiple factors into energy efficiency evaluation and introduces intelligent scheduling for optimization, providing new insights and reference for similar studies and practical applications, contributing to the advancement of efficient EV charging infrastructure construction.
Keyword:Electric Vehicle Charging Station Energy Efficiency Evaluation Intelligent Scheduling Algorithm
目 录
引言 1
1电动汽车充电站能效评估体系构建 1
1.1能效评估指标体系建立 1
1.2数据采集与处理方法 2
1.3评估模型选择与优化 2
2充电站电力系统效率分析 3
2.1电力传输损耗研究 3
2.2充电设备效率测试 3
2.3系统集成效率评估 2
3充电站运营管理优化策略 2
3.1充电调度算法设计 2
3.2用户行为模式分析 3
3.3运营成本控制方法 4
4可再生能源接入与储能应用 4
4.1光伏发电系统整合 4
4.2储能技术选型研究 5
4.3微电网运行优化方案 5
结论 5
参考文献 7
致谢 8
