摘 要
随着全球能源转型和环境保护需求日益迫切，电动汽车作为绿色交通的重要组成部分得到快速发展，充电基础设施的合理布局与高效调度成为亟待解决的关键问题。本研究聚焦于电动汽车充电站的最优布局与调度策略，旨在通过构建数学模型并结合实际应用场景，为城市交通系统提供科学合理的规划方案。基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台，采用多目标优化算法，综合考虑交通流量、人口密度、土地利用等因素，建立了充电站选址模型；同时引入动态调度机制，根据实时用电需求调整充电功率分配。研究结果表明，所提出的布局方案能够有效提高充电设施利用率，降低用户等待时间，平均减少35%的空驶里程。创新性地提出了基于时空分布特征的分时段差异化定价策略，实现了资源优化配置与经济效益最大化。该研究不仅为城市充电网络规划提供了理论依据和技术支持，也为相关政策制定者提供了重要参考，对推动电动汽车产业健康发展具有重要意义。
关键词：电动汽车充电站布局 多目标优化算法 动态调度机制
Abstract
With the increasing urgency of global energy transition and environmental protection, electric vehicles (EVs) have rapidly developed as a critical component of green transportation. The rational layout and efficient scheduling of charging infrastructure have become key challenges that need to be addressed. This study focuses on the optimal layout and scheduling strategies for EV charging stations, aiming to provide scientifically sound planning solutions for urban transportation systems through the construction of mathematical models and integration with real-world application scenarios. Based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform and employing multi-ob jective optimization algorithms, a charging station location model is established by comprehensively considering factors such as traffic flow, population density, and land use. Meanwhile, a dynamic scheduling mechanism is introduced to adjust power distribution according to real-time electricity demand. The results indicate that the proposed layout scheme can effectively enhance the utilization rate of charging facilities, reduce user waiting time, and decrease empty mileage by an average of 35%. Innovatively, a time-differentiated pricing strategy based on spatiotemporal distribution characteristics is proposed, achieving optimal resource allocation and maximizing economic benefits. This research not only provides theoretical foundations and technical support for urban charging network planning but also offers significant references for policy makers, contributing substantially to the healthy development of the EV industry.
Keyword:Electric Vehicle Charging Station Layout Multi-ob jective Optimization Algorithm Dynamic Scheduling Mechanism
目 录
引言 1
1电动汽车充电需求分析 1
1.1用户行为模式研究 1
1.2充电需求时空分布 2
1.3不同场景需求特征 2
2充电站布局优化模型 3
2.1布局影响因素分析 3
2.2数学模型构建方法 3
2.3模型求解算法选择 4
3充电站调度策略设计 4
3.1调度目标与约束 4
3.2动态调度机制建立 5
3.3紧急情况应对措施 5
4实证分析与案例研究 6
4.1数据收集与处理 6
4.2模型验证与评估 7
4.3结果分析与讨论 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
