摘 要
随着电动汽车保有量的快速增长，充电基础设施建设与运营管理成为制约其发展的关键因素。本研究聚焦于电动汽车充电站的充电策略优化与排队管理问题，旨在通过建立数学模型和算法设计，提高充电设施的使用效率和服务质量。基于排队论和优化理论，构建了考虑用户行为特征、电力系统约束及充电设施配置的多目标优化模型，提出了一种融合优先级调度与动态定价机制的智能充电策略。该策略能够根据实时负荷情况调整充电功率分配，有效缓解电网峰谷差，降低运营成本。同时，引入虚拟等待队列概念，结合仿真分析验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明，在高峰时段可减少平均等待时间30%以上，充电设施利用率提升15%，显著改善用户体验。此外，通过与传统静态充电模式对比实验发现，新方案在均衡负载分布方面表现更优，具有良好的推广应用价值。本研究创新性地将用户行为学融入充电管理决策过程，为未来智能交通系统中电动汽车充电设施规划提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：电动汽车充电策略 排队管理 多目标优化
Abstract
With the rapid increase in electric vehicle (EV) ownership, the construction and operation management of charging infrastructure have become critical factors constraining their development. This study focuses on optimizing charging strategies and queue management for EV charging stations, aiming to improve the utilization efficiency and service quality of charging facilities through the establishment of mathematical models and algorithm design. Based on queuing theory and optimization theory, a multi-ob jective optimization model is constructed that considers user behavior characteristics, power system constraints, and charging facility configurations. A smart charging strategy integrating priority scheduling and dynamic pricing mechanisms is proposed, which can adjust power allocation according to real-time load conditions, effectively mitigating peak-to-valley differences in the grid and reducing operational costs. Furthermore, the concept of virtual waiting queues is introduced, and simulation analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. Research results indicate that during peak hours, the average waiting time can be reduced by over 30%, and the utilization rate of charging facilities can be increased by 15%, significantly enhancing user experience. Additionally, comparative experiments with traditional static charging modes reveal that the new scheme performs better in balancing load distribution, demonstrating good potential for promotion and application. Innovatively incorporating behavioral science into charging management decision-making processes, this study provides theoretical basis and technical support for planning EV charging facilities in future intelligent transportation systems.
Keyword:Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Queue Management Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
引言 1
1充电站需求分析与预测 1
1.1用户充电行为模式 1
1.2区域需求特征分析 2
1.3需求预测模型构建 2
2充电策略优化设计 3
2.1快慢充配置方案 3
2.2动态定价机制研究 3
2.3能源调度优化策略 4
3排队管理机制研究 5
3.1排队系统建模分析 5
3.2优先级规则设定 5
3.3等待时间优化方法 6
4实施效果评估体系 6
4.1绩效评价指标构建 6
4.2用户满意度调查 7
4.3系统改进措施建议 7
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
