摘 要
连续搅拌釜反应器（CSTR）作为化工生产中应用最为广泛的反应设备之一，其动态行为的精确模拟与优化对提高生产效率、产品质量及节能减排具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过建立CSTR的动态数学模型并进行优化，以实现对反应过程的精准控制。基于机理建模方法，结合Aspen Plus与MATLAB软件平台，构建了包含物料衡算、能量衡算以及化学反应动力学方程在内的完整动态模型，并引入了考虑设备特性与操作条件变化的修正参数。采用非线性规划算法对模型进行了参数估计与验证，确保模型能够准确反映实际工况。在此基础上，提出了基于模型预测控制（MPC）的优化策略，实现了对反应温度、浓度等关键变量的有效调控。结果表明，所建立的动态模型可以精确描述CSTR在不同工况下的运行特性，优化后的控制方案显著提高了目标产物的选择性和收率，降低了能耗。该研究不仅为CSTR的实际操作提供了理论指导，而且开发了一套适用于同类反应系统的通用建模与优化方法，具有重要的工程应用价值和推广前景。
关键词：连续搅拌釜反应器 动态数学模型 模型预测控制
Abstract
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs), as one of the most widely used reaction units in chemical production, play a crucial role in enhancing production efficiency, product quality, and energy conservation. This study aims to establish and optimize a dynamic mathematical model for CSTRs to achieve precise control of the reaction process. By employing mechanistic modeling methods and integrating the Aspen Plus and MATLAB software platforms, a comprehensive dynamic model was developed, encompassing mass balance, energy balance, and chemical reaction kinetics equations, with correction parameters that account for equipment characteristics and variations in operating conditions. Nonlinear programming algorithms were utilized for parameter estimation and validation to ensure the model accurately reflects real-world operations. On this foundation, an optimization strategy based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) was proposed, achieving effective regulation of critical variables such as reaction temperature and concentration. The results indicate that the established dynamic model can accurately describe the operational characteristics of CSTRs under various conditions. The optimized control scheme significantly improved the selectivity and yield of target products while reducing energy consumption. This research not only provides theoretical guidance for the practical operation of CSTRs but also develops a general modeling and optimization method applicable to similar reaction systems, demonstrating significant engineering application value and potential for broader implementation.
Keyword:Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Dynamic Mathematical Model Model Predictive Control
目 录
引言 1
1连续搅拌釜反应器基础理论 1
1.1反应器工作原理分析 1
1.2传热与传质特性研究 2
1.3动力学模型建立方法 2
2动态模拟技术应用 3
2.1模拟软件选择依据 3
2.2参数敏感性分析 3
2.3典型工况模拟案例 4
3生产过程优化策略 4
3.1控制变量选取原则 4
3.2优化目标函数设定 5
3.3实时优化算法应用 6
4工业应用实例分析 6
4.1实际生产数据采集 6
4.2模型验证与校正 7
4.3经济效益评估分析 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
