摘要
随着文化遗产保护需求的日益增长，三维扫描与重建技术为文物保护提供了全新的技术手段。本研究旨在探讨三维扫描与重建技术在文物数字化保护、修复及展示中的创新应用，以解决传统文物保护方法在精度、效率和可重复性等方面的局限。研究采用高精度激光扫描仪和结构光扫描设备，结合多视角图像采集技术，对青铜器、石刻等不同类型文物进行三维数据采集；通过点云配准、网格重建和纹理映射等算法处理，构建高保真度三维模型；并开发了基于WebGL的交互式展示平台。实验结果表明，该方法可实现0.1mm级精度的文物数字化记录，较传统测量方法效率提升约60%，且能够完整保存文物的几何特征和表面纹理信息。研究创新性地提出了多源数据融合的三维重建方案，解决了复杂文物表面细节的精确还原问题；开发的交互式展示平台实现了文物信息的远程共享与沉浸式体验。研究成果已成功应用于多个国家级重点文物保护项目，为建立数字档案库、指导文物修复和开展虚拟展示提供了可靠的技术支持。研究表明，三维扫描与重建技术在文物保护领域具有显著优势和应用价值，可为文化遗产的永久保存和传承提供新的解决方案。
关键词：三维扫描；文物数字化保护；多源数据融合
Abstract
With the increasing demand for cultural heritage preservation, 3D scanning and reconstruction technologies have provided innovative technical approaches for cultural relic conservation. This study aims to explore the innovative applications of 3D scanning and reconstruction technologies in the digital preservation, restoration, and exhibition of cultural relics, addressing the limitations of traditional conservation methods in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and repeatability. The research employs high-precision laser scanners and structured light scanning devices, combined with multi-view image acquisition techniques, to collect 3D data from various types of cultural relics such as bronze artifacts and stone carvings. Through algorithms including point cloud registration, mesh reconstruction, and texture mapping, high-fidelity 3D models are constructed; an interactive display platform based on WebGL is also developed. Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves a 0.1mm-level accuracy in digital documentation of cultural relics, improving efficiency by approximately 60% compared to traditional measurement methods while fully preserving the geometric features and surface texture information of the artifacts. The study innovatively proposes a multi-source data fusion-based 3D reconstruction solution, resolving the precise restoration of complex surface details on cultural relics; the developed interactive display platform enables remote sharing and immersive experiences of cultural relic information. The research outcomes have been successfully applied to several national-level key cultural relic conservation projects, providing reliable technical support for establishing digital archives, guiding artifact restoration, and conducting virtual exhibitions. The findings indicate that 3D scanning and reconstruction technologies possess significant advantages and application value in the field of cultural relic conservation, offering new solutions for the permanent preservation and transmission of cultural heritage.
Keywords： 3D Scanning; Digital Preservation of Cultural Relics; Multi-source Data Fusion
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）三维扫描与重建技术在文物保护中的应用背景 1
（二）三维扫描与重建技术在文物保护中的研究意义 1
（三）国内外研究现状分析 1
二、三维扫描技术在文物数字化保护中的应用 3
（一）三维激光扫描技术原理与特点 3
（二）结构光扫描技术在文物采集中的应用 3
（三）摄影测量法在文物数字化中的实践 4
三、三维重建技术在文物修复与展示中的应用 1
（一）基于点云数据的文物表面重建方法 1
（二）纹理映射技术在文物色彩还原中的应用 1
（三）虚拟修复技术在破损文物复原中的应用 2
四、三维扫描与重建技术的应用案例研究 3
（一）大型不可移动文物的数字化保护案例 3
（二）可移动文物的高精度数字化存档案例 3
（三）濒危文物的抢救性数字化保护案例 4
结 论 5
随着文化遗产保护需求的日益增长，三维扫描与重建技术为文物保护提供了全新的技术手段。本研究旨在探讨三维扫描与重建技术在文物数字化保护、修复及展示中的创新应用，以解决传统文物保护方法在精度、效率和可重复性等方面的局限。研究采用高精度激光扫描仪和结构光扫描设备，结合多视角图像采集技术，对青铜器、石刻等不同类型文物进行三维数据采集；通过点云配准、网格重建和纹理映射等算法处理，构建高保真度三维模型；并开发了基于WebGL的交互式展示平台。实验结果表明，该方法可实现0.1mm级精度的文物数字化记录，较传统测量方法效率提升约60%，且能够完整保存文物的几何特征和表面纹理信息。研究创新性地提出了多源数据融合的三维重建方案，解决了复杂文物表面细节的精确还原问题；开发的交互式展示平台实现了文物信息的远程共享与沉浸式体验。研究成果已成功应用于多个国家级重点文物保护项目，为建立数字档案库、指导文物修复和开展虚拟展示提供了可靠的技术支持。研究表明，三维扫描与重建技术在文物保护领域具有显著优势和应用价值，可为文化遗产的永久保存和传承提供新的解决方案。
关键词：三维扫描；文物数字化保护；多源数据融合
Abstract
With the increasing demand for cultural heritage preservation, 3D scanning and reconstruction technologies have provided innovative technical approaches for cultural relic conservation. This study aims to explore the innovative applications of 3D scanning and reconstruction technologies in the digital preservation, restoration, and exhibition of cultural relics, addressing the limitations of traditional conservation methods in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and repeatability. The research employs high-precision laser scanners and structured light scanning devices, combined with multi-view image acquisition techniques, to collect 3D data from various types of cultural relics such as bronze artifacts and stone carvings. Through algorithms including point cloud registration, mesh reconstruction, and texture mapping, high-fidelity 3D models are constructed; an interactive display platform based on WebGL is also developed. Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves a 0.1mm-level accuracy in digital documentation of cultural relics, improving efficiency by approximately 60% compared to traditional measurement methods while fully preserving the geometric features and surface texture information of the artifacts. The study innovatively proposes a multi-source data fusion-based 3D reconstruction solution, resolving the precise restoration of complex surface details on cultural relics; the developed interactive display platform enables remote sharing and immersive experiences of cultural relic information. The research outcomes have been successfully applied to several national-level key cultural relic conservation projects, providing reliable technical support for establishing digital archives, guiding artifact restoration, and conducting virtual exhibitions. The findings indicate that 3D scanning and reconstruction technologies possess significant advantages and application value in the field of cultural relic conservation, offering new solutions for the permanent preservation and transmission of cultural heritage.
Keywords： 3D Scanning; Digital Preservation of Cultural Relics; Multi-source Data Fusion
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）三维扫描与重建技术在文物保护中的应用背景 1
（二）三维扫描与重建技术在文物保护中的研究意义 1
（三）国内外研究现状分析 1
二、三维扫描技术在文物数字化保护中的应用 3
（一）三维激光扫描技术原理与特点 3
（二）结构光扫描技术在文物采集中的应用 3
（三）摄影测量法在文物数字化中的实践 4
三、三维重建技术在文物修复与展示中的应用 1
（一）基于点云数据的文物表面重建方法 1
（二）纹理映射技术在文物色彩还原中的应用 1
（三）虚拟修复技术在破损文物复原中的应用 2
四、三维扫描与重建技术的应用案例研究 3
（一）大型不可移动文物的数字化保护案例 3
（二）可移动文物的高精度数字化存档案例 3
（三）濒危文物的抢救性数字化保护案例 4
结 论 5
参考文献 6
