摘 要
近年来，校园欺凌现象在全球范围内呈现出愈演愈烈的趋势，成为影响青少年身心健康的重要社会问题。校园欺凌不仅给受害者带来严重的身心伤害，影响其学习和生活，还可能对欺凌者及旁观者产生长远的不良影响，破坏校园和谐氛围。因此，本研究旨在探讨校园欺凌现象的心理成因及干预对策。通过文献综述和实证研究，分析了校园欺凌的定义、类型以及个体心理特质、家庭环境因素、学校环境和社会文化因素对校园欺凌的影响。研究发现，欺凌者往往具有攻击性倾向、自我中心、缺乏同理心等心理特质，而受害者则可能性格内向、敏感、缺乏自信。家庭环境不和谐、缺乏关爱与支持，以及学校教育管理不善、师生互动不佳、同伴关系紧张等因素，都可能增加欺凌行为的发生。针对这些成因，本研究提出了增强个体心理素质、培养同理心与社交技能、提升自我控制与情绪管理、优化家庭环境与教育、建设积极的学校文化、改善社会文化环境以及建立社会支持与心理健康服务等干预对策。这些对策旨在从多方面入手，综合施策，以有效预防和减少校园欺凌现象的发生，保护青少年的身心健康。
关键词：校园欺凌;心理成因;干预对策;青少年健康
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of school bullying has become increasingly intense in the world, and has become an important social problem affecting the physical and mental health of teenagers. School bullying not only brings serious physical and mental harm to the victims, affects their study and life, but also may have long-term adverse effects on the bullies and bystanders, and destroys the harmonious campus atmosphere. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the psychological causes of school bullying phenomenon and the intervention countermeasures. Through a literature review and empirical studies, we analyzed the effects of definitions and types of school bullying, and of individual psychological traits, family environment factors, school environment, and sociocultural factors on school bullying. Studies have found that bullies tend to have psychological traits such as aggression, egocentrism, and lack of empathy, while victims may be introverted, sensitive, and unconfident. Poor family environment, lack of care and support, as well as poor school education management, poor interaction between teachers and students, and peer tensions, may all increase the occurrence of bullying. Aiming at these causes, this study proposes intervention countermeasures such as enhancing individual psychological quality, cultivating empathy and social skills, improving self-control and emotional management, optimizing family environment and education, building positive school culture, improving social and cultural environment, and establishing social support and mental health services. These countermeasures aim to take comprehensive measures to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of school bullying and protect the physical and mental health of teenagers.
Keywords：School bullying; Psychological causes; Intervention and countermeasures; Adolescent health
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 相关理论概述 2
1.1校园欺凌的定义 2
1.2校园欺凌的类型 2
第二章 校园欺凌现象的心理成因 4
2.1个体心理特质 4
2.2家庭环境因素 4
2.3学校环境的影响 5
2.4社会文化因素 5
第三章 校园欺凌现象的干预对策 7
3.1增强个体心理素质 7
3.2优化家庭环境与教育 7
3.3建设积极的学校文化 8
3.4社会文化环境的改善 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
