摘 要
农村留守儿童，作为一个特殊群体，主要指那些父母因工作或生活原因长期不在身边的儿童，他们广泛分布于我国农村地区。这部分儿童的生活状况引人关注，他们普遍面临较大的心理压力，由于缺乏父母的陪伴与引导，常感到孤独与不安。同时，这些儿童在生活习惯上也存在诸多问题，如饮食不规律、作息混乱等，这无疑对他们的健康成长构成威胁。在社交方面，他们往往显得较为封闭，社交能力相对较弱，难以融入集体。农村留守儿童的心理问题多种多样，其中焦虑情绪、自卑心理、逆反心理以及情感缺失等表现尤为突出。针对这些心理问题，本研究从家庭、学校、社会和个体四个层面深入剖析了其成因。家庭教育的缺失、学校资源的不均衡、社会对留守儿童的忽视以及儿童自身的性格特点，共同导致了这一复杂局面的形成。为应对这些问题，本研究提出了一系列针对性的策略。首先，家庭应增强与孩子的沟通，以缓解其心理压力；其次，学校应努力营造良好的校园氛围，帮助留守儿童更好地融入集体；再次，社会应完善农村留守儿童的社会保障体系，为他们提供更多的支持与关注；最后，也需帮助留守儿童提升自我认知，培养他们的自信心和应对挫折的能力。
关键词：留守儿童;心理问题;应对策略
Abstract
Rural left-behind children, as a special group, mainly refer to those children whose parents are not around for a long time due to work or life reasons. They are widely distributed in rural areas of China. The living conditions of these part of children attract attention, and they are generally facing great psychological pressure. Due to the lack of parents' company and guidance, they often feel lonely and uneasy. At the same time, these children also have many problems in their living habits, such as irregular diet, chaotic work and rest, which undoubtedly poses a threat to their healthy growth. In terms of social interaction, they tend to be relatively closed, with relatively weak social skills, making it difficult to integrate into the group. There are many kinds of psychological problems for left-behind rural children, among which anxiety, inferiority complex, rebellious psychology and emotional lack are particularly prominent. For these psychological problems, this study deeply analyzes their causes from four levels: family, school, society and individual. The lack of family education, the imbalance of school resources, the neglect of left-behind children in the society, and the character characteristics of children themselves jointly lead to the formation of this complex situation. To address these problems, this study proposes a series of targeted strategies. First, families should enhance communication with children to relieve their psychological pressure; second, schools should strive to create a good campus atmosphere to help left-behind children better integrate into the collective; again, the society should improve the social security system of rural children with more support and attention; finally, it should help left-behind children improve self-awareness, develop their confidence and ability to deal with setbacks.
Keywords：Left-behind children; psychological problems; coping strategies
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 农村留守儿童概述 3
1.1农村留守儿童的定义 3
1.2农村留守儿童的分布情况 3
1.3 农村留守儿童的生活状况 4
1.3.1 心理压力大 4
1.3.2 生活习惯不良 4
1.3.3 社交能力较弱 4
第二章 农村留守儿童心理问题的表现 6
2.1 焦虑情绪 6
2.2 自卑心理 6
2.3 逆反心理 6
2.4 情感缺失 7
第三章 农村留守儿童心理问题的成因 8
3.1 家庭因素 8
3.2 学校因素 8
3.3 社会因素 8
3.4 个体因素 9
第四章 农村留守儿童心理问题的应对策略 10
4.1 增强家庭沟通 10
4.2 营造良好的校园氛围 10
4.3 完善农村留守儿童社会保障体系 11
4.4 提升儿童的自我认知 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
