摘要
本文旨在探讨环境污染责任认定的法律问题及提出相应的改进建议。随着工业化与城市化进程的加速，环境污染问题日益严峻，成为制约经济社会可持续发展的重要因素。然而，在环境污染责任的认定过程中，现行法律体系面临诸多挑战，环境污染责任认定中政府职责定位不明确，责任追究机制不健全。环境保护法将环保职责主要定位于政府环境主管部门，而缺乏对各级政府的明确约束和责任追究制度。这导致部分政府领导干部对环境保护重视不足，甚至成为环境违法行为的保护伞。同时，环境执法体制存在多头管理、权责不清的问题，环保部门难以有效履行统一监管职责，本文提出以下改进建议：一是重新定位环境保护法的立法目的和指导思想，确立环境优先的基本原则；二是明确政府在环境保护中的第一责任人地位，并建立环保问责制和领导干部环保绩效考核制度；三是理顺环境执法体制，整合环保行政资源，强化环保部门的统一监管职责；四是完善环境污染责任认定的法律体系，细化相关条款，提高法律的可操作性和适用性。
关键词：环境污染；责任认定；法律执行
Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the legal issues of environmental pollution liability identification and put forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of environmental pollution is increasingly serious, which has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of economy and society. However, in the process of identifying environmental pollution responsibility, the current legal system is faced with many challenges, and the government responsibility positioning in the identification of environmental pollution responsibility is not clear, and the accountability mechanism is not sound. The Environmental Protection Law places environmental responsibilities mainly to government environmental departments, but lacks a clear restraint and accountability system for governments at all levels. As a result, some government leading cadres pay insufficient attention to environmental protection, and even become an umbrella for environmental violations.at the same time, The environmental law enforcement system has the problems of multiple management and unclear rights and responsibilities, Environmental protection departments are difficult to effectively perform their unified supervision duties, This paper puts forward the following suggestions for improvement: First, repositioning the legislative purpose and guiding ideology of the environmental protection Law, Establish the basic principles of environmental priority; Second, to clarify the position of the government as the first person responsible for environmental protection, And the establishment of environmental protection accountability system and leading cadres environmental protection performance appraisal system; Third, straighten out the environmental law enforcement system, Integrate environmental protection and administrative resources, Strengthen the unified supervision responsibilities of environmental protection departments; Fourth, to improve the legal system for environmental pollution liability identification, Detailed the relevant terms, Improve the operability and applicability of the law.
Keywords：Environmental pollution; responsibility determination; law enforcement
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）研究目的和内容 1
（三）国内外研究现状 1
二、环境污染责任相关概述 3
（一）环境污染责任的定义 3
（二）环境污染责任的构成要件 3
（三）环境污染责任认定的法律体系 3
三、环境污染责任认定的重要性 5
（一）明确责任主体，促进公平正义 5
（二）保护生态环境，促进可持续发展 5
（三）保障受害者权益，实现环境正义 5
四、环境污染责任认定的法律难题剖析 7
（一）责任分担复杂 7
（二）证据收集困难 7
（三）损害后果评估争议 7
（四）诉讼程序繁琐 8
五、环境污染责任认定的法律制度完善 9
（一）建立多元化责任分担机制 9
（二）加强环境监测网络 9
（三）建立统一损害评估标准 9
（四）简化诉讼程序 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
