新生儿黄疸蓝光治疗的护理策略研究

摘  要

本文全面概述了新生儿黄疸的相关知识，包括其定义、表现、分类、成因以及蓝光治疗的护理难点与策略。新生儿黄疸是指新生儿期由于胆红素代谢异常导致的皮肤、巩膜等黄染现象，其表现主要为皮肤、黏膜及巩膜黄染。根据成因不同，新生儿黄疸可分为生理性黄疸和病理性黄疸两大类。生理性黄疸为新生儿期常见现象，多可自行消退；而病理性黄疸则可能由胆红素生成过多、排泄过少或代谢异常等因素引起，需及时治疗。在蓝光治疗过程中，护理难点主要体现在患儿生理特点的应对、副作用的多样性和家属的焦虑情绪上。患儿体温调节困难和不显性失水增加是护理中的常见问题，需通过精确控制环境温度和增加水分摄入来加以解决。此外，蓝光治疗可能引发的多种副作用，如发热、腹泻、皮疹等，也需密切观察和及时处理。情绪安抚困难和家属的焦虑情绪则要求护理人员具备良好的沟通技巧和心理疏导能力。针对上述护理难点，本文提出了相应的护理策略。根据患儿特点调整护理方案，精确控制环境温度和增加水分摄入以应对生理特点的挑战；通过营造舒适的治疗环境和实施心理干预来减少副作用的发生并缓解家属的焦虑情绪。这些策略的实施有助于提高新生儿黄疸蓝光治疗的效果和患儿的舒适度。
关键词：黄疸成因；蓝光治疗；患儿特点
Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant knowledge of neonatal jaundice, including its definition, performance, classification, causes, and the nursing difficulties and strategies of blue light treatment. Neonatal jaundice is to point to the yellow dye phenomenon such as skin, sclera caused by me tabolism in neonatal period, its ex pression basically is skin, mucous membrane and sclera yellow dye. According to the different causes, neonatal jaundice can be divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice two major categories. Physiological jaundice is a common phenomenon in the neonatal period, which can subside spontaneously; and pathological jaundice may be caused by excessive bilirubin production, excessive excretion or abnormal me tabolism, requiring timely treatment. In the process of blue light treatment, the difficulties of nursing are mainly reflected in the physiological characteristics of children, the diversity of side effects and the anxiety of family members. Difficult thermoregulation and undominant increased water loss in children are common problems in nursing, which need to be addressed by precise control of environmental temperature and increased water intake. In addition, various side effects of blue light treatment, such as fever, diarrhea, rash, also require close observation and timely treatment. Emotional comfort difficulties and the anxiety of the family members require the nursing staff to have good communication skills and psychological counseling ability. In view of the above nursing difficulties, this paper puts forward the corresponding nursing strategies. Adjust the nursing plan according to the characteristics of children, accurately control the environmental temperature and increase water intake to meet the challenges of physiological characteristics; create the comfortable treatment environment and implement psychological intervention to reduce the occurrence of side effects and relieve the anxiety of family members. The implementation of these strategies helps to improve the effectiveness of blue light treatment for neonatal jaundice and the comfort of the children.

Keywords：Cause of jaundice; Blue light treatment; Characteristics of children

目  录
引  言 1
第一章 新生儿黄疸概述 2
1.1 新生儿黄疸的定义 2
1.2 新生儿黄疸的表现 2
1.3 新生儿黄疸的分类 3
第二章 新生儿黄疸的成因解析 4
2.1 胆红素生成过多 4
2.2 胆红素排泄过少 4
2.3 胆红素代谢异常 5
第三章 新生儿黄疸蓝光治疗的护理难点 6
3.1 体温调节困难 6
3.2 不显性失水增加 6
3.3 副作用较多 6
3.4 情绪安抚困难 7
3.5 家属的焦虑情绪 7
第四章 新生儿黄疸蓝光治疗的护理策略 9
4.1 精确控制环境温度 9
4.2 增加水分摄入 9
4.3 减少副作用 9
4.4 营造舒适环境 10
4.5 心理干预 10
结  论 12
参考文献 13
致  谢 14