食品中致病菌的快速检测技术研究 -食品质量与安全专业

摘要

本文深入探讨了食品中致病菌快速检测技术的现状、应用及未来发展趋势。随着食品供应链的日益复杂和消费者对食品安全的高标准要求，快速、准确地检测食品中的致病菌对于保障公众健康至关重要。本文首先概述了食品中常见的致病菌种类，如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等，并阐述了这些致病菌对食品安全和人体健康的严重威胁。接着，详细分析了当前应用于食品致病菌检测的主要技术，包括传统培养法、免疫学方法、分子生物学技术（如PCR、qPCR）以及新兴的快速检测技术（如生物传感器、纳米技术等）。在技术应用方面，本文重点介绍了PCR技术、压电传感器检测技术和ELISA免疫检测技术在食品致病菌检测中的实际应用案例，展示了这些技术在提高检测速度、灵敏度和特异性方面的优势。然而，这些技术在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战，如技术准确性与稳定性的进一步提升、操作复杂性与人员培训需求的增加、成本效益的考虑以及法律法规监管的完善等。针对上述问题，本文提出了针对性的优化建议，包括加强技术研发与创新，提升检测技术的准确性和稳定性；优化操作流程，简化操作步骤并加强人员培训；控制成本，通过设备选型、采购策略及试剂优化来降低成本；以及加强监管与标准化建设，完善监管体系并推动检测技术的标准化应用。

关键词：食品致病菌；快速检测技术；压电传感器；食品安全

RESEARCH ON RAPID DETECTION TECHNOLOGY OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN FOOD

ABSTRACT

The present situation, application and future development trend of rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in food were discussed in this paper. As the food supply chain becomes increasingly complex and consumers demand high standards of food safety, rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in food is critical to protecting public health. This paper first summarizes the common pathogenic bacteria in food, such as salmonella, E. coli, etc., and expounds the serious threat of these pathogenic bacteria to food safety and human health. Then, the main technologies used in the detection of food pathogens were analyzed in detail, including traditional culture method, immunological method, molecular biology technology (such as PCR, qPCR) and emerging rapid detection technology (such as biosensor, nanotechnology, etc.). In terms of technical application, this paper focuses on the practical application cases of PCR technology, piezoelectric sensor detection technology and ELISA immune detection technology in the detection of food pathogens, demonstrating the advantages of these technologies in improving the detection speed, sensitivity and specificity. However, these technologies still face many challenges in practical application, such as the further improvement of technical accuracy and stability, the increase of operational complexity and personnel training needs, the consideration of cost effectiveness, and the improvement of laws and regulations. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward specific optimization suggestions, including strengthening technology research and development and innovation, improving the accuracy and stability of detection technology; Optimize operation process, simplify operation steps and strengthen personnel training; Cost control, reduce cost through equipment selection, procurement strategy and reagent optimization; And strengthen supervision and standardization construction, improve the supervision system and promote the standardized application of testing technology.

KEY WORDS：Food pathogenic bacteria; Rapid detection technology; Piezoelectric sensor; Food safety

摘要 II

ABSTRACT III

目录 1

第1章绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的与意义 1

1.2.1 研究目的 1

1.2.2 研究意义 1

第2章致病菌的种类与影响 2

2.1 常见的食品中致病菌介绍 2

2.2 致病菌对食品安全与人体健康的威胁 2