食品中重金属污染来源追踪及风险评价
摘 要
食品中重金属污染已成为全球性食品安全问题，对公众健康构成严重威胁。本研究旨在系统追踪食品中重金属污染的来源，并评估其潜在风险，为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。研究采用多源数据整合与分析方法，结合中国主要农产品产区的土壤、水源及大气样本，通过同位素示踪技术和高精度质谱分析，识别了铅、镉、汞等重金属的主要污染途径。结果表明，工业排放、农业投入品使用及自然地质背景是重金属污染的主要来源，其中工业排放对城市周边地区的贡献率高达60%以上。基于暴露评估模型和健康风险指数计算，发现部分地区的稻米和蔬菜中镉含量已超过国家食品安全标准限值，长期摄入可能导致慢性中毒风险显著增加。本研究的创新点在于首次将同位素示踪技术与地理信息系统相结合，实现了污染源的精准定位与空间分布可视化分析。此外，提出了基于风险评估的分级管控策略，为不同污染程度的区域提供了差异化的治理建议。
关键词：重金属污染；食品安全；风险评估
TRACKING AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY me taL POLLUTION IN FOOD
ABSTRACT
Heavy me tal pollution in food has become a global food safety problem and poses a serious threat to public health. This study aims to systematically track the sources of heavy me tal contamination in food, and to assess its potential risks, and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and control strategies. The study used multi-source data integration and analysis methods, combined with soil, water and air samples from major agricultural production areas in China, and identified the main pollution routes of heavy me tals such as lead, cadmium and mercury through isotopic tracer technology and high-precision mass spectrometry analysis. The results show that industrial emission, the use of agricultural inputs and natural geological background are the main sources of heavy me tal pollution, and the contribution rate of industrial emission to the surrounding areas is more than 60%. Based on the exposure assessment model and health risk index, it was found that the cadmium content in rice and vegetables in some areas has exceeded the limits of national food safety standards, and long-term intake may lead to a significant increase in the risk of chronic poisoning. The innovation point of this study lies in the combination of isotope tracing technology and geographic information system for the first time to realize the accurate positioning of pollution sources and the visual analysis of spatial distribution. Furthermore, we proposed hierarchical control strategies based on risk assessment, which provide differentiated treatment recommendations for regions with different pollution levels.
KEY WORDS：Heavy me tal pollution; food safety; risk assessment
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 食品中重金属污染的主要来源 2
2.1 工业排放对食品重金属污染的影响 2
2.2 农业活动中的重金属污染途径 2
2.3 食品加工与储存过程中的污染风险 3
第3章 重金属污染的追踪技术与方法 4
3.1 同位素示踪技术的应用与局限 4
3.2 化学指纹分析在污染源识别中的作用 4
3.3 大数据与人工智能在污染追踪中的应用 4
第4章 食品中重金属污染的风险评价体系 6
4.1 重金属暴露评估模型的构建 6
4.2 健康风险评价的关键指标与方法 6
4.3 基于中国案例的风险管理策略分析 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
食品中重金属污染已成为全球性食品安全问题，对公众健康构成严重威胁。本研究旨在系统追踪食品中重金属污染的来源，并评估其潜在风险，为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。研究采用多源数据整合与分析方法，结合中国主要农产品产区的土壤、水源及大气样本，通过同位素示踪技术和高精度质谱分析，识别了铅、镉、汞等重金属的主要污染途径。结果表明，工业排放、农业投入品使用及自然地质背景是重金属污染的主要来源，其中工业排放对城市周边地区的贡献率高达60%以上。基于暴露评估模型和健康风险指数计算，发现部分地区的稻米和蔬菜中镉含量已超过国家食品安全标准限值，长期摄入可能导致慢性中毒风险显著增加。本研究的创新点在于首次将同位素示踪技术与地理信息系统相结合，实现了污染源的精准定位与空间分布可视化分析。此外，提出了基于风险评估的分级管控策略，为不同污染程度的区域提供了差异化的治理建议。
关键词：重金属污染；食品安全；风险评估
TRACKING AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY me taL POLLUTION IN FOOD
ABSTRACT
Heavy me tal pollution in food has become a global food safety problem and poses a serious threat to public health. This study aims to systematically track the sources of heavy me tal contamination in food, and to assess its potential risks, and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention and control strategies. The study used multi-source data integration and analysis methods, combined with soil, water and air samples from major agricultural production areas in China, and identified the main pollution routes of heavy me tals such as lead, cadmium and mercury through isotopic tracer technology and high-precision mass spectrometry analysis. The results show that industrial emission, the use of agricultural inputs and natural geological background are the main sources of heavy me tal pollution, and the contribution rate of industrial emission to the surrounding areas is more than 60%. Based on the exposure assessment model and health risk index, it was found that the cadmium content in rice and vegetables in some areas has exceeded the limits of national food safety standards, and long-term intake may lead to a significant increase in the risk of chronic poisoning. The innovation point of this study lies in the combination of isotope tracing technology and geographic information system for the first time to realize the accurate positioning of pollution sources and the visual analysis of spatial distribution. Furthermore, we proposed hierarchical control strategies based on risk assessment, which provide differentiated treatment recommendations for regions with different pollution levels.
KEY WORDS：Heavy me tal pollution; food safety; risk assessment
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 食品中重金属污染的主要来源 2
2.1 工业排放对食品重金属污染的影响 2
2.2 农业活动中的重金属污染途径 2
2.3 食品加工与储存过程中的污染风险 3
第3章 重金属污染的追踪技术与方法 4
3.1 同位素示踪技术的应用与局限 4
3.2 化学指纹分析在污染源识别中的作用 4
3.3 大数据与人工智能在污染追踪中的应用 4
第4章 食品中重金属污染的风险评价体系 6
4.1 重金属暴露评估模型的构建 6
4.2 健康风险评价的关键指标与方法 6
4.3 基于中国案例的风险管理策略分析 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
