食品中放射性污染的检测与防控措施
摘 要
随着核能利用的日益广泛，食品放射性污染问题已成为全球关注的重大公共卫生议题。本研究旨在建立一套高效、灵敏的食品放射性污染检测体系，并提出相应的防控策略。研究采用高纯锗γ能谱仪结合电感耦合等离子体质谱技术，对来自不同地区的粮食、蔬菜、水产品等样品进行放射性核素分析，重点检测137Cs、90Sr、131I等关键核素的含量水平。通过优化样品前处理流程和仪器参数设置，显著提高了检测灵敏度和准确性，其中137Cs的最低检出限达到0.05 Bq/kg。研究发现，不同地区食品中放射性核素含量存在显著差异，其中沿海地区水产品的137Cs含量普遍高于内陆地区农产品。
关键词：食品放射性污染；检测体系；防控策略
DETECTION AND PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN FOOD
ABSTRACT
With the increasing use of nuclear energy, the problem of food radioactive contamination has become a major public health issue of global concern. This study aims to establish an efficient and sensitive food radioactive contamination detection system and propose corresponding prevention and control strategies. In this study, high purity germanium γ spectrometer combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze radionuclide samples of grain, vegetables and aquatic products from different regions, and focus on detecting the content levels of key nuclide such as 137Cs, 90 Sr and 131I. Detection sensitivity and accuracy were significantly improved by optimizing the sample preprocessing flow and instrument parameter settings, with the minimum detection limit of 0.05 Bq/kg for 137Cs. The study found that there were significant differences in radionuclide content in food in different regions, among which the content of 137Cs in aquatic products in coastal areas was generally higher than that of agricultural products in inland areas.
KEY WORDS：Food radioactive contamination; detection system; prevention and control strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 食品放射性污染的来源与特征 2
2.1 食品放射性污染的主要来源 2
2.2 食品中常见放射性核素的特性 2
2.3 放射性污染在食物链中的迁移规律 3
第3章 食品放射性污染的检测技术 4
3.1 传统放射性检测方法的应用与局限 4
3.2 新型快速检测技术的发展与应用 4
3.3 检测技术的灵敏度与准确性评估 5
第4章 食品放射性污染的防控措施 6
4.1 源头控制与预防策略 6
4.2 加工过程中的防护措施 6
4.3 应急响应与处置方案 6
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
随着核能利用的日益广泛，食品放射性污染问题已成为全球关注的重大公共卫生议题。本研究旨在建立一套高效、灵敏的食品放射性污染检测体系，并提出相应的防控策略。研究采用高纯锗γ能谱仪结合电感耦合等离子体质谱技术，对来自不同地区的粮食、蔬菜、水产品等样品进行放射性核素分析，重点检测137Cs、90Sr、131I等关键核素的含量水平。通过优化样品前处理流程和仪器参数设置，显著提高了检测灵敏度和准确性，其中137Cs的最低检出限达到0.05 Bq/kg。研究发现，不同地区食品中放射性核素含量存在显著差异，其中沿海地区水产品的137Cs含量普遍高于内陆地区农产品。
关键词：食品放射性污染；检测体系；防控策略
DETECTION AND PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN FOOD
ABSTRACT
With the increasing use of nuclear energy, the problem of food radioactive contamination has become a major public health issue of global concern. This study aims to establish an efficient and sensitive food radioactive contamination detection system and propose corresponding prevention and control strategies. In this study, high purity germanium γ spectrometer combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze radionuclide samples of grain, vegetables and aquatic products from different regions, and focus on detecting the content levels of key nuclide such as 137Cs, 90 Sr and 131I. Detection sensitivity and accuracy were significantly improved by optimizing the sample preprocessing flow and instrument parameter settings, with the minimum detection limit of 0.05 Bq/kg for 137Cs. The study found that there were significant differences in radionuclide content in food in different regions, among which the content of 137Cs in aquatic products in coastal areas was generally higher than that of agricultural products in inland areas.
KEY WORDS：Food radioactive contamination; detection system; prevention and control strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 食品放射性污染的来源与特征 2
2.1 食品放射性污染的主要来源 2
2.2 食品中常见放射性核素的特性 2
2.3 放射性污染在食物链中的迁移规律 3
第3章 食品放射性污染的检测技术 4
3.1 传统放射性检测方法的应用与局限 4
3.2 新型快速检测技术的发展与应用 4
3.3 检测技术的灵敏度与准确性评估 5
第4章 食品放射性污染的防控措施 6
4.1 源头控制与预防策略 6
4.2 加工过程中的防护措施 6
4.3 应急响应与处置方案 6
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
