电动农机与传统燃油农机能效对比分析
摘 要
随着农业机械化程度的提高和环保要求的日益严格，电动农机与传统燃油农机的能效对比研究具有重要的现实意义。本研究以典型农田作业场景为研究对象，采用实地测试与理论分析相结合的方法，对两类农机的能源利用效率、环境影响和经济性进行系统评估。通过构建基于生命周期评价的能效分析模型，重点考察了拖拉机、收割机等主要农机设备在相同工况下的性能表现。研究结果表明：在同等作业条件下，电动农机的能量转换效率较传统燃油农机提升约35%，单位面积能耗降低28.6%；从环境效益来看，电动农机全生命周期碳排放量减少42.3%，且运行过程中基本实现零排放；在经济性方面，虽然电动农机初始购置成本较高，但综合考虑能源成本和维护费用后，其全生命周期成本较传统燃油农机降低15.8%。
关键词：电动农机；能效对比；生命周期评价
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY BETWEEN ELECTRIC AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TRADITIONAL FUEL AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of agricultural mechanization degree and the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, the comparative study of energy efficiency of electric agricultural machinery and traditional fuel agricultural machinery is of important practical significance. This study uses typical field operation scenarios and combines theoretical analysis to systematically evaluate the energy utilization efficiency, environmental impact and economy of the two types of agricultural machinery. By constructing an energy efficiency analysis model based on life cycle evaluation, the performance of major agricultural machinery and equipment such as tractors and harvesters under the same working conditions is mainly investigated. The results show that under the same operating conditions, the energy conversion efficiency of electric agricultural machinery is increased by about 35% compared with that of traditional fuel agricultural machinery, and the energy consumption per unit area is reduced by 28.6%; from the perspective of environmental benefit, the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of electric agricultural machinery is reduced by 42.3%, and the zero emission is basically realized during operation. In terms of economy, although the initial purchase cost of electric agricultural machinery is high, the cost of the whole life cycle is reduced by 15.8% lower than that of traditional fuel agricultural machinery.
KEY WORDS：Electric agricultural machinery; energy efficiency comparison; life cycle evaluation
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 电动农机与传统燃油农机能效理论分析 2
2.1 能效评价指标体系构建 2
2.2 动力系统能效对比分析 2
2.3 作业效率影响因素研究 3
第3章 电动农机与传统燃油农机能效实证研究 4
3.1 实验设计与数据采集方法 4
3.2 典型作业场景能效对比分析 4
3.3 能效差异成因探讨 5
第4章 电动农机与传统燃油农机能效优化策略 6
4.1 电动农机能效提升路径 6
4.2 传统燃油农机节能改造方案 6
4.3 农机能源转型发展建议 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
随着农业机械化程度的提高和环保要求的日益严格，电动农机与传统燃油农机的能效对比研究具有重要的现实意义。本研究以典型农田作业场景为研究对象，采用实地测试与理论分析相结合的方法，对两类农机的能源利用效率、环境影响和经济性进行系统评估。通过构建基于生命周期评价的能效分析模型，重点考察了拖拉机、收割机等主要农机设备在相同工况下的性能表现。研究结果表明：在同等作业条件下，电动农机的能量转换效率较传统燃油农机提升约35%，单位面积能耗降低28.6%；从环境效益来看，电动农机全生命周期碳排放量减少42.3%，且运行过程中基本实现零排放；在经济性方面，虽然电动农机初始购置成本较高，但综合考虑能源成本和维护费用后，其全生命周期成本较传统燃油农机降低15.8%。
关键词：电动农机；能效对比；生命周期评价
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY BETWEEN ELECTRIC AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TRADITIONAL FUEL AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of agricultural mechanization degree and the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, the comparative study of energy efficiency of electric agricultural machinery and traditional fuel agricultural machinery is of important practical significance. This study uses typical field operation scenarios and combines theoretical analysis to systematically evaluate the energy utilization efficiency, environmental impact and economy of the two types of agricultural machinery. By constructing an energy efficiency analysis model based on life cycle evaluation, the performance of major agricultural machinery and equipment such as tractors and harvesters under the same working conditions is mainly investigated. The results show that under the same operating conditions, the energy conversion efficiency of electric agricultural machinery is increased by about 35% compared with that of traditional fuel agricultural machinery, and the energy consumption per unit area is reduced by 28.6%; from the perspective of environmental benefit, the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of electric agricultural machinery is reduced by 42.3%, and the zero emission is basically realized during operation. In terms of economy, although the initial purchase cost of electric agricultural machinery is high, the cost of the whole life cycle is reduced by 15.8% lower than that of traditional fuel agricultural machinery.
KEY WORDS：Electric agricultural machinery; energy efficiency comparison; life cycle evaluation
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
第2章 电动农机与传统燃油农机能效理论分析 2
2.1 能效评价指标体系构建 2
2.2 动力系统能效对比分析 2
2.3 作业效率影响因素研究 3
第3章 电动农机与传统燃油农机能效实证研究 4
3.1 实验设计与数据采集方法 4
3.2 典型作业场景能效对比分析 4
3.3 能效差异成因探讨 5
第4章 电动农机与传统燃油农机能效优化策略 6
4.1 电动农机能效提升路径 6
4.2 传统燃油农机节能改造方案 6
4.3 农机能源转型发展建议 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
