摘 要
大跨度钢结构桥梁作为现代交通基础设施的重要组成部分，其抗震性能直接影响桥梁的安全性和使用寿命。鉴于地震灾害对桥梁结构造成的严重破坏以及传统设计方法在复杂地震环境下的局限性，本文旨在深入分析大跨度钢结构桥梁的抗震性能，并提出优化设计方案以提升其抗震能力。研究基于有限元分析方法，结合非线性动力学理论，建立了精确的桥梁结构模型，并通过模拟不同地震波输入条件下的响应特性，评估了桥梁关键部位的应力分布、变形规律及能量耗散机制。同时，引入拓扑优化算法对桥梁结构进行轻量化设计，在保证结构强度和刚度的前提下显著提高了其抗震性能。研究结果表明，优化后的桥梁结构在地震作用下表现出更小的位移响应和更低的能量集中现象，有效降低了局部损伤风险。此外，本文提出的基于多目标优化的设计策略为实际工程应用提供了重要参考，其创新点在于将结构拓扑优化与抗震性能评估相结合，实现了桥梁设计的科学性和经济性的统一。研究成果不仅为大跨度钢结构桥梁的抗震设计提供了理论支持，也为未来相关领域的研究奠定了坚实基础。
关键词：大跨度钢结构桥梁；抗震性能；拓扑优化；有限元分析；非线性动力学
ABSTRACT
Long-span steel bridges, as a critical component of modern transportation infrastructure, have seismic performance that directly affects their safety and service life. In view of the severe damage caused by earthquake disasters to bridge structures and the limitations of traditional design methods in complex seismic environments, this study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the seismic performance of long-span steel bridges and propose optimized design solutions to enhance their seismic resistance. Based on finite element analysis and combined with nonlinear dynamics theory, an accurate bridge structural model was established. By simulating the response characteristics under various seismic wave input conditions, the stress distribution, deformation patterns, and energy dissipation mechanisms of key bridge components were evaluated. Additionally, a topology optimization algorithm was introduced for lightweight design of the bridge structure, significantly improving its seismic performance while ensuring structural strength and stiffness. The results indicate that the optimized bridge structure exhibits smaller displacement responses and reduced energy concentration under seismic loading, effectively mitigating the risk of localized damage. Furthermore, the multi-ob jective optimization-based design strategy proposed in this study provides valuable reference for practical engineering applications. Its innovation lies in integrating structural topology optimization with seismic performance evaluation, achieving a balance between scientific rigor and economic efficiency in bridge design. This research not only offers theoretical support for the seismic design of long-span steel bridges but also lays a solid foundation for future studies in related fields.
Keywords: Long-Span Steel Bridge; Seismic Performance; Topology Optimization; Finite Element Analysis; Nonlinear Dynamics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 大跨度钢结构桥梁抗震研究背景 2
1.2 抗震性能分析与优化设计的意义 2
1.3 国内外研究现状综述 3
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 大跨度钢结构桥梁的抗震性能分析 4
2.1 桥梁结构动力特性研究 4
2.2 地震作用下的响应分析 4
2.3 关键构件抗震性能评估 5
2.4 数值模拟与实验验证方法 5
2.5 抗震性能评价指标体系 6
第3章 钢结构桥梁抗震优化设计策略 7
3.1 结构体系优化设计原则 7
3.2 材料选择与性能匹配分析 7
3.3 连接节点抗震性能优化 8
3.4 减隔震装置的应用研究 8
3.5 优化设计案例分析 9
第4章 实际工程中的应用与验证 10
4.1 工程案例背景介绍 10
4.2 抗震设计实施过程分析 10
4.3 优化方案的实际效果评估 11
4.4 施工阶段抗震性能保障措施 11
4.5 应用经验总结与改进建议 12
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
