摘 要
城市轨道交通作为现代城市交通体系的重要组成部分，其建设对缓解城市交通压力、促进经济发展具有重要意义，但施工过程不可避免地对周边环境产生影响。为全面评估和控制这些影响，本研究以典型城市轨道交通工程为案例，系统分析了施工阶段对土壤、水体、空气质量和噪声等方面的环境效应。通过现场监测与数值模拟相结合的方法，构建了多维度的环境影响评价模型，并引入动态反馈机制优化施工管理策略。研究表明，施工振动和噪声是主要的扰动因素，尤其是在敏感区域，其影响范围和强度超出传统预测值；同时，扬尘污染在特定气象条件下可能显著加剧空气质量问题。基于此，本研究提出了一套集成化环境控制技术方案，包括低振动爆破技术、智能降尘系统及实时噪声监控平台，有效降低了施工对周边居民生活和生态环境的干扰。研究成果不仅为类似工程提供了科学依据和技术支持，还创新性地提出了环境影响动态评估与控制框架，对推动城市轨道交通绿色施工具有重要实践价值和理论意义。
关键词：城市轨道交通；环境影响评价；施工振动与噪声；集成化环境控制技术；动态反馈机制
ABSTRACT
Urban rail transit, as a critical component of the modern urban transportation system, plays a significant role in alleviating urban traffic pressure and promoting economic development. However, its construction inevitably exerts impacts on the surrounding environment. To comprehensively evaluate and control these effects, this study takes a typical urban rail transit project as a case and systematically analyzes the environmental impacts during the construction phase on soil, water bodies, air quality, and noise. By integrating field monitoring with numerical simulation, a multi-dimensional environmental impact assessment model was established, incorporating a dynamic feedback mechanism to optimize construction management strategies. The findings indicate that construction vibration and noise are the primary disturbance factors, particularly in sensitive areas, where their influence range and intensity exceed traditional predictions. Additionally, dust pollution under specific meteorological conditions may significantly exacerbate air quality issues. Based on these insights, an integrated environmental control technology scheme is proposed, encompassing low-vibration blasting techniques, intelligent dust suppression systems, and real-time noise monitoring platforms, which effectively mitigate the disturbances caused by construction on the daily lives of nearby residents and the ecological environment. This research not only provides scientific evidence and technical support for similar projects but also innovatively proposes a dynamic evaluation and control fr amework for environmental impacts, offering substantial practical value and theoretical significance in advancing green construction practices for urban rail transit.
Keywords: Urban Rail Transit; Environmental Impact Assessment; Construction Vibration And Noise; Integrated Environmental Control Technology; Dynamic Feedback Mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 城市轨道交通施工的背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 施工对环境的影响评估 4
2.1 地下水系统的影响分析 4
2.2 地表沉降与建筑物安全 4
2.3 噪声与振动的传播机制 5
第3章 环境影响的控制技术 6
3.1 地质改良与支护技术 6
3.2 降噪减振措施的应用 6
3.3 水土保持与生态修复策略 7
第4章 管理与政策支持体系 8
4.1 施工环境监测与预警机制 8
4.2 环保法规在施工中的应用 8
4.3 公众参与与社会协调机制 9
结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
