摘 要
次生林作为森林生态系统的重要组成部分，在全球气候变化和生态修复中具有重要作用，而近自然经营作为一种可持续管理方式，能够有效提升森林的生态功能与稳定性。本研究以典型次生林为对象，通过对比分析近自然经营区与传统经营区的群落结构特征，探讨近自然经营对次生林群落结构的影响。研究采用样方调查法，结合物种多样性指数、群落优势度及空间异质性等指标，评估不同经营模式下的群落变化。结果表明，近自然经营显著提高了次生林的物种丰富度和多样性指数，优化了树种组成与年龄结构，并增强了群落的空间异质性和稳定性。此外，近自然经营促进了乡土树种的恢复与更新，减少了外来干扰对群落结构的负面影响。本研究创新性地揭示了近自然经营在改善次生林群落结构中的具体机制，为制定科学合理的森林经营管理策略提供了理论依据和技术支持。关键词：次生林; 近自然经营; 群落结构; 物种多样性; 空间异质性
Abstract
Secondary forests, as a critical component of forest ecosystems, play a significant role in global climate change mitigation and ecological restoration. Near-nature forest management, as a sustainable management approach, can effectively enhance the ecological functions and stability of forests. This study focuses on typical secondary forests, comparing the community structure characteristics between near-nature managed areas and traditionally managed areas to explore the impacts of near-nature management on secondary forest communities. The study employed quadrat survey methods, combined with species diversity indices, community dominance measures, and spatial heterogeneity indicators, to evaluate community changes under different management regimes. Results indicate that near-nature management significantly increased species richness and diversity indices in secondary forests, optimized tree species composition and age structures, and enhanced spatial heterogeneity and community stability. Additionally, this management approach facilitated the recovery and regeneration of native tree species while reducing the negative impacts of external disturbances on community structure. This research innovatively elucidates the specific mechanisms by which near-nature management improves secondary forest community structures, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for developing scientifically sound and reasonable forest management strategies.Key words:Secondary Forest; Near-Natural Management; Community Structure; Species Diversity; Spatial Heterogeneity
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、近自然经营的理论基础 2
1.1、近自然经营的概念与原则 2
1.2、次生林群落结构的基本特征 2
1.3、理论框架对研究的指导意义 3
第2章、经营措施对物种多样性的影响 4
2.1、物种多样性的评估方法 4
2.2、不同经营方式下的物种分布差异 4
2.3、近自然经营对物种保护的作用 5
第3章、林分结构优化的效果分析 6
3.1、林分结构的主要指标体系 6
3.2、近自然经营对林木空间分布的影响 6
3.3、优化林分结构的生态效益 6
第4章、群落动态变化的长期监测 8
4.1、群落动态变化的研究方法 8
4.2、近自然经营对群落演替的影响 8
4.3、长期监测数据的分析与解读 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
