摘 要
人民币汇率波动作为影响我国出口企业竞争力的重要因素，近年来在经济全球化和国际金融市场不确定性加剧的背景下受到广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨人民币汇率波动对我国出口企业竞争力的具体影响机制，并分析其在不同行业和企业规模下的异质性表现。基于2010年至2022年我国制造业上市企业的面板数据，采用固定效应模型与分位数回归方法，研究发现人民币汇率波动对出口企业竞争力的影响具有显著的双重效应：一方面，汇率升值会削弱出口企业的价格竞争优势，尤其对劳动密集型和中小企业影响更为明显；另一方面，适度的汇率波动有助于提升企业的资源配置效率和技术升级能力，从而增强长期竞争力。此外，研究还发现行业特征和企业规模是决定汇率波动影响方向和程度的关键变量。
关键词：人民币汇率波动 出口企业竞争力 行业异质性
Abstract
As an important factor affecting the competitiveness of China's export enterprises, RMB exchange rate fluctuation has attracted wide attention in recent years under the background of economic globalization and increasing uncertainty in the international financial market. The purpose of this study is to explore the specific influence mechanism of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on the competitiveness of Chinese export enterprises, and to analyze their heterogeneity performance in different industries and enterprise sizes. Based on the panel data of listed manufacturing enterprises from 2010 to 2022, using fixed effect model and quantile regression method, the study found that the influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on the competitiveness of export enterprises has significant double effect: on the one hand, the exchange rate appreciation will weaken the price competitive advantage of export enterprises, especially on labor-intensive and small and medium-sized enterprises; on the other hand, moderate exchange rate fluctuation helps to improve the enterprises' resource allocation efficiency and technology upgrading ability, thus enhancing the long-term competitiveness. In addition, the study also found that industry characteristics and enterprise size are the key variables that determine the direction and degree of exchange rate fluctuations.
Keyword:Rmb Exchange Rate Fluctuation Export Enterprise Competitiveness Industry Heterogeneity
目 录
引言 1
1人民币汇率波动的基本理论 1
1.1汇率波动的概念与类型 1
1.2汇率波动的传导机制分析 2
1.3出口企业竞争力的核心要素 2
1.4汇率波动与出口企业竞争力的关系 3
2人民币汇率波动对出口成本的影响研究 3
2.1汇率波动与生产成本的关系 3
2.2汇率波动对原材料进口成本的影响 3
2.3汇率波动对外贸物流成本的作用 4
2.4成本压力下企业的应对策略 4
3人民币汇率波动对出口价格竞争力的影响研究 5
3.1汇率波动对出口产品定价的影响 5
3.2汇率波动下的价格弹性分析 5
3.3汇率波动对市场份额的影响 6
3.4价格调整对企业利润的影响 6
4人民币汇率波动下出口企业的风险管理与对策研究 7
4.1汇率风险的识别与评估 7
4.2汇率风险管理工具的应用 7
4.3企业内部管理能力的提升路径 8
4.4政策支持与外部环境优化 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
