摘 要
公共财政支出作为政府调控社会资源分配的重要工具，在促进教育与医疗资源公平性和效率性方面发挥着关键作用。本研究基于中国省级面板数据，结合2010年至2020年的财政支出结构变化，探讨公共财政支出对教育与医疗资源分配的影响机制。研究采用固定效应模型和工具变量法，以克服潜在的内生性问题，并引入区域异质性分析，深入考察不同经济发展水平地区间的差异性影响。结果表明，公共财政支出显著提升了教育与医疗资源的可及性和公平性，但其效果在区域间存在明显差异：经济欠发达地区的边际改善效应更为显著，而发达地区则更注重资源配置的质量与效率。此外，研究发现教育与医疗领域的财政投入存在一定的替代关系，需在政策设计中加以平衡。
关键词：公共财政支出 区域异质性 教育与医疗资源
Abstract
As an important tool for the government to regulate the allocation of social resources, public financial expenditure plays a key role in promoting the fairness and efficiency of education and medical resources. Based on the provincial panel data in China and combined with the structural changes of fiscal expenditure from 2010 to 2020, this study explores the mechanism of the influence of public financial expenditure on the allocation of education and medical resources. The fixed effect model and instrumental variable method were used to overcome the potential endogeneity problem and introduce regional heterogeneity analysis to investigate the influence of differences among regions with different levels of economic development. The results show that public financial expenditure significantly improves the accessibility and fairness of education and medical resources, but its effect has obvious differences between regions: the marginal improvement effect of economically underdeveloped areas is more significant, while developed areas pay more attention to the quality and efficiency of resource allocation. In addition, the study found that there is a certain alternative relationship between the financial investment in education and healthcare, which needs to be balanced in the policy design.
Keyword:Public Fiscal Expenditure Regional Heterogeneity Education And Health Resources
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1公共财政支出研究背景与意义 1
1.2教育与医疗资源分配的研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 2
2公共财政支出的理论基础与框架分析 2
2.1公共财政支出的基本概念与分类 2
2.2教育与医疗资源分配的理论依据 3
2.3财政支出效率评价的理论框架 3
2.4国内外相关理论对比分析 4
2.5理论框架对实证研究的指导作用 4
3公共财政支出对教育资源配置的影响研究 4
3.1教育资源配置的现状与问题 5
3.2公共财政支出在教育领域的投入结构 5
3.3财政支出对教育资源公平性的影响 5
3.4不同地区教育财政支出的效果比较 6
3.5提升教育财政支出效率的政策建议 6
4公共财政支出对医疗资源配置的影响研究 7
4.1医疗资源配置的现状与挑战 7
4.2公共财政支出在医疗领域的分布特征 7
4.3财政支出对医疗服务可及性的作用 8
4.4城乡医疗财政支出差异及其影响 8
4.5优化医疗财政支出结构的路径探讨 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致谢 12
