摘 要
人口老龄化是全球性挑战，其对养老保险制度的可持续性提出了严峻考验。本研究以中国人口老龄化加速为背景，旨在探讨如何优化现行养老保险制度以应对未来挑战。研究综合运用文献分析、实证研究和政策模拟等方法，从人口结构变化、经济负担能力及社会公平性三个维度展开系统分析。通过对全国范围内的养老保险收支数据进行建模与预测，发现当前制度在长期运行中存在财务失衡风险，并可能加剧代际矛盾。为此，研究提出了一系列创新性对策，包括引入弹性退休年龄机制、优化缴费与待遇调整公式以及建立多层次养老保障体系。结果表明，这些措施能够有效缓解财务压力，同时提升制度的适应性和包容性。
关键词：人口老龄化 养老保险制度 财务可持续性
Abstract
Population aging is a global challenge, which poses a severe test to the sustainability of the endowment insurance system. Against the context of accelerating population aging in China, this study aims to explore how to optimize the current pension system to meet future challenges. Using literature analysis, empirical research and policy simulation, a systematic analysis was conducted from three dimensions of demographic structure change, economic affordability and social equity. Through the modeling and prediction of the nationwide pension insurance income and expenditure data, it is found that there is a risk of financial imbalance in the long-term operation of the current system, and it may aggravate the intergenerational contradiction. Therefore, a series of innovative countermeasures are put forward, including the introduction of flexible retirement age mechanism, optimizing the formula of payment and treatment adjustment, and establishing a multi-level pension security system. The results show that these measures can effectively relieve the financial pressure and improve the adaptability and inclusiveness of the system.
Keyword:Population Aging Pension Insurance System Financial Sustainability
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1人口老龄化与养老保险制度的背景分析 1
1.2研究《人口老龄化背景下养老保险制度优化研究》的意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2人口老龄化对养老保险制度的影响分析 2
2.1人口老龄化的特征与趋势 2
2.2养老保险制度面临的挑战 2
2.3老龄化对养老保险基金收支的影响 3
2.4不同地区老龄化程度的差异性分析 3
2.5应对老龄化的制度调整需求 4
3当前养老保险制度存在的问题与成因 4
3.1制度设计中的结构性矛盾 4
3.2养老金替代率水平的合理性分析 5
3.3基金管理与投资运营的不足 5
3.4区域间制度公平性问题探讨 6
3.5法律法规体系的完善空间 6
4养老保险制度优化路径与对策研究 6
4.1提高养老保险制度可持续性的策略 7
4.2推动多层次养老保险体系建设 7
4.3加强养老保险基金的投资管理能力 7
4.4完善个人账户与统筹账户结合模式 8
4.5构建适应老龄化的政策支持体系 8
结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
