大型商场火灾疏散指示牌的优化布局 -安全工程专业

摘要

随着城市化进程的加快，大型商场逐渐成为人们日常生活中重要的公共场所，但其复杂的建筑结构和高密度的人流分布使得火灾疏散面临严峻挑战，优化疏散指示牌布局成为提升人员安全疏散效率的关键问题本研究旨在通过科学分析与建模，提出一种基于多因素权衡的疏散指示牌优化布局方法首先，结合火灾场景下人群行为特征和视觉感知规律，构建了综合考虑可见性、可达性和信息引导性的评价指标体系其次，采用计算机仿真技术模拟不同火灾情景下的疏散过程，并通过对比实验验证方案的有效性结果表明，优化后的疏散指示牌布局能够显著缩短疏散时间，降低人群滞留风险，同时提高指示信息的传递效率研究创新性地引入动态调整机制，使指示牌在不同火灾阶段具备自适应引导能力，从而为实际工程应用提供了重要参考该研究不仅为大型商场火灾疏散设计提供了理论支持，也为其他复杂建筑环境中的应急疏散系统优化提供了借鉴意义

关键词：大型商场火灾疏散；疏散指示牌优化布局；人群行为特征；动态调整机制；计算机仿真

ABSTRACT

With the acceleration of urbanization, large shopping malls have gradually become important public places in people's daily lives. However, their complex architectural structures and high-density pedestrian distributions pose severe challenges to fire evacuation, making the optimization of exit sign layouts a critical issue for improving evacuation efficiency. This study aims to propose a multi-factor balancing optimization method for exit sign layout through scientific analysis and modeling. First, by integrating crowd behavior characteristics and visual perception patterns under fire scenarios, an evaluation index system was constructed that comprehensively considers visibility, accessibility, and information guidance. Second, computer simulation techniques were employed to model evacuation processes under various fire scenarios, and comparative experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the optimized exit sign layout significantly reduces evacuation time, decreases the risk of crowd stagnation, and enhances the transmission efficiency of guiding information. Innovatively, a dynamic adjustment mechanism was introduced, enabling the signs to possess adaptive guidance capabilities at different stages of a fire, thereby providing crucial references for practical engineering applications. This research not only offers theoretical support for fire evacuation design in large shopping malls but also provides valuable implications for optimizing emergency evacuation systems in other complex building environments.

Keywords: Large Mall Fire Evacuation; Evacuation Sign Optimization Layout; Crowd Behavior Characteristics; Dynamic Adjustment Mechanism; Computer Simulation

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 大型商场火灾疏散指示牌优化布局的研究背景 1

1.2 大型商场火灾疏散指示牌优化布局的研究意义 1

1.3 国内外大型商场火灾疏散指示牌研究现状 1

1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章大型商场火灾疏散指示牌的功能分析 3

2.1 火灾疏散指示牌的基本功能要求 3

2.2 不同场景下疏散指示牌的功能需求 3

2.3 疏散指示牌在复杂环境中的作用评估 4

第3章大型商场火灾疏散指示牌的布局原则 5