摘 要
气体分离技术在能源、化工和环保领域具有重要意义，而高分子膜因其制备简便、成本低廉及易于规模化应用的特点，在气体分离中展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨高分子膜在气体分离中的应用，并通过材料优化与结构设计提升其性能。研究采用实验与理论模拟相结合的方法，系统分析了高分子膜的分离机理及其影响因素，同时开发了一种新型杂化高分子膜材料，该材料通过引入无机纳米填料改善了膜的机械性能和气体选择性。实验结果表明，优化后的高分子膜在CO2/CH4和O2/N2等典型气体分离体系中表现出显著提升的渗透性和选择性，且长期运行稳定性良好。此外，通过建立数学模型对膜分离过程进行预测与优化，进一步揭示了高分子膜微观结构与气体传输性能之间的关系。本研究的主要创新点在于提出了一种基于界面调控的高分子膜改性策略，有效解决了传统高分子膜在分离效率与稳定性之间的矛盾问题。研究成果不仅为高分子膜材料的设计提供了新思路，还为其在工业气体分离领域的实际应用奠定了理论和技术基础。关键词：高分子膜；气体分离；杂化材料；界面调控；传输性能
Abstract
Gas separation technology plays a crucial role in the fields of energy, chemical engineering, and environmental protection, and polymeric membranes have demonstrated significant potential in gas separation due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, and scalability. This study investigates the application of polymeric membranes in gas separation and aims to enhance their performance through material optimization and structural design. By integrating experimental approaches with theoretical simulations, the separation mechanisms of polymeric membranes and their influencing factors were systematically analyzed. A novel hybrid polymeric membrane material was developed, which incorporates inorganic nanofillers to improve the mechanical properties and gas selectivity of the membrane. Experimental results indicate that the optimized polymeric membrane exhibits markedly enhanced permeability and selectivity in typical gas separation systems such as CO2/CH4 and O2/N2, with excellent long-term operational stability. Additionally, a mathematical model was established to predict and optimize the membrane separation process, further elucidating the relationship between the microstructure of polymeric membranes and their gas transport properties. The primary innovation of this study lies in proposing an interfacial modification strategy for polymeric membranes, effectively addressing the trade-off between separation efficiency and stability encountered in traditional polymeric membranes. The findings not only provide new insights into the design of polymeric membrane materials but also establish a theoretical and technical foundation for their practical application in industrial gas separation..Key Words：Polymer Membrane；Gas Separation；Hybrid Material；Interface Regulation；Transport Performance
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 高分子膜气体分离的研究背景 1
1.2 高分子膜气体分离的意义与价值 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 高分子膜材料的特性与选择 3
2.1 高分子膜的基本物理特性 3
2.2 气体分离对高分子膜的要求 3
2.3 常见高分子膜材料的性能对比 4
2.4 高分子膜材料的选择策略 4
2.5 材料特性对分离效率的影响 5
第3章 高分子膜在气体分离中的应用技术 6
3.1 气体分离的基本原理 6
3.2 高分子膜在二氧化碳分离中的应用 6
3.3 高分子膜在氢气提纯中的作用 7
3.4 膜分离技术与其他分离技术的比较 7
3.5 提高气体分离效率的关键因素 8
第4章 高分子膜性能优化的研究与实践 9
4.1 影响高分子膜性能的主要因素 9
4.2 高分子膜表面改性技术的应用 9
4.3 新型功能化高分子膜的开发 10
4.4 优化高分子膜性能的实验设计 10
4.5 性能优化的实际案例分析 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
