摘 要
增材制造技术作为现代机械制造领域的重要分支，近年来在材料科学、数字化设计和智能制造的推动下取得了显著进展。与传统减材制造工艺相比，增材制造以其独特的逐层叠加成型方式，在复杂结构件生产、个性化定制以及快速原型制造等方面展现出显著优势。本研究旨在对比分析增材制造技术与传统工艺在制造效率、成本控制、材料利用率及产品性能等方面的差异，并探讨其在不同应用场景中的适用性。研究采用理论分析与实验验证相结合的方法，选取典型金属和非金属材料进行加工试验，通过对比零件精度、表面质量、力学性能等关键指标，评估两种工艺的技术特点与局限性。结果表明，增材制造在小批量生产、复杂几何形状加工中具有明显优势，但其在大规模生产中的效率和成本控制仍需进一步优化。此外，研究发现增材制造技术能够显著提高材料利用率并减少废料产生，符合绿色制造的发展趋势。本研究的创新点在于首次系统性地建立了增材制造与传统工艺的综合评价体系，并提出了基于应用场景的工艺选择策略，为制造业转型升级提供了重要参考。主要贡献在于明确了增材制造技术的优势领域和发展方向，同时为未来技术改进和应用拓展奠定了理论基础。
关键词：增材制造；传统工艺；材料利用率
Abstract: Additive manufacturing technology, as a significant branch of modern mechanical manufacturing, has achieved remarkable progress in recent years under the impetus of materials science, digital design, and intelligent manufacturing. Compared with traditional subtractive manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing demonstrates distinct advantages in the production of complex structural components, personalized customization, and rapid prototyping through its unique layer-by-layer buildup forming method. This study aims to comparatively analyze the differences between additive manufacturing technology and conventional processes in terms of manufacturing efficiency, cost control, material utilization, and product performance, while exploring their applicability in various application scenarios. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and experimental validation, conducting processing experiments on typical me tallic and non-me tallic materials. By comparing key indicators such as part accuracy, surface quality, and mechanical properties, the technical characteristics and limitations of both processes are evaluated. The results indicate that additive manufacturing exhibits significant advantages in small-batch production and the processing of complex geometries; however, its efficiency and cost control in large-scale production still require further optimization. Additionally, it was found that additive manufacturing can substantially enhance material utilization and reduce waste generation, aligning with the development trend of green manufacturing. The innovation of this study lies in the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for additive manufacturing and traditional processes for the first time, along with the proposal of a process selection strategy based on application scenarios, providing crucial references for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. The primary contribution is the clarification of the advantageous fields and development directions of additive manufacturing technology, while laying a theoretical foundation for future technological improvements and application expansions.
Keywords: Additive Manufacturing; Traditional Process; Material Utilization Rate
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1机械制造技术发展背景 1
1.2增材制造与传统工艺研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2增材制造与传统工艺基础理论对比 2
2.1制造技术的基本原理比较 2
2.2材料适用性与工艺特点分析 3
2.3成型精度与表面质量对比 3
2.4生产效率与成本效益评估 4
2.5技术应用领域差异探讨 4
3增材制造与传统工艺在实际生产中的对比分析 5
3.1工艺流程复杂度对比 5
3.2设备投资与运行成本分析 5
3.3环境影响与可持续性评价 6
3.4生产灵活性与定制化能力 6
3.5工业应用场景实例对比 7
4增材制造与传统工艺的未来发展趋势对比 7
4.1技术创新方向与潜力分析 7
4.2智能制造背景下的融合可能性 8
4.3新材料开发对两种工艺的影响 8
4.4行业标准与规范的发展趋势 9
4.5长期经济效益预测与展望 9
结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
