摘要
甲状腺结节是临床常见病，其良恶性鉴别对治疗方案选择至关重要，而传统诊断方法存在侵入性或敏感性不足等问题，因此亟需探索高效无创的诊断手段。本研究旨在评估超声技术在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的应用价值，并探讨特定超声特征与病理结果的相关性。研究选取200例经细针穿刺活检确诊的甲状腺结节患者，通过高频超声分析结节的形态、边界、内部回声、钙化类型及血流信号等特征，并建立基于多参数综合评估的预测模型。结果显示，恶性结节在不规则边缘、微小钙化及低回声表现上具有显著统计学差异（P0.05），且该模型的灵敏度和特异度分别达到89%和85%。研究表明，超声检查结合特征性指标可为甲状腺结节的术前评估提供可靠依据，其无创性和高准确性具有重要临床意义，同时为优化个体化诊疗策略提供了新思路。关键词：甲状腺结节；超声技术；良恶性鉴别；特征性指标；预测模型
The Role of Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are a common clinical condition, and the differentiation between benign and malignant nodules is critical for selecting appropriate treatment strategies. However, traditional diagnostic methods often suffer from issues such as invasiveness or insufficient sensitivity, highlighting the urgent need for efficient and non-invasive diagnostic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the application value of ultrasound technology in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and to investigate the correlation between specific ultrasonic features and pathological outcomes. A total of 200 patients with thyroid nodules confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy were included, and high-frequency ultrasound was used to analyze nodule characteristics, including shape, margin, internal echo, types of calcification, and blood flow signals. A predictive model based on multiparametric comprehensive assessment was established. The results demonstrated that malignant nodules exhibited significant statistical differences in irregular margins, microcalcifications, and hypoechoic presentations (P0.05). Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of the model reached 89% and 85%, respectively. This study indicates that ultrasound examination combined with characteristic indicators can provide a reliable basis for preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules. Its non-invasive nature and high accuracy hold important clinical significance and offer new insights for optimizing individualized treatment strategies.
Keywords: Thyroid Nodule; Ultrasound Technology; Benign And Malignant Differentiation; Characteristic Index; Prediction Model
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 超声技术的基本原理与应用 1
1.1 超声成像的物理基础 1
1.2 超声在甲状腺检查中的优势 2
1.3 超声技术的发展对诊断的影响 2
2 甲状腺结节的超声特征分析 3
2.1 结节形态与边界评估 3
2.2 回声特性与内部结构观察 3
2.3 血流信号在鉴别诊断中的意义 4
3 超声在良恶性结节区分中的作用 4
3.1 良性结节的超声表现特征 4
3.2 恶性结节的超声标志识别 4
3.3 超声评分系统在诊断中的应用 5
4 超声与其他诊断方法的比较与结合 5
4.1 超声与细针穿刺活检的互补性 5
4.2 超声与影像学技术的联合应用 6
4.3 超声在随访监测中的价值 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
