摘 要
超临界流体萃取技术（Supercritical Fluid Extraction, SFE）作为一种绿色环保的分离提取方法，近年来在天然产物提取领域得到了广泛关注和应用。本研究以多种植物源性天然产物为对象，系统探讨了SFE技术在活性成分提取中的可行性及其优化策略。研究背景基于传统提取方法存在的溶剂残留、能耗高及选择性差等问题，旨在通过SFE技术实现高效、低耗、高选择性的天然产物提取。实验采用二氧化碳作为主要超临界流体，并结合夹带剂优化提取条件，针对不同植物材料中的黄酮类、萜类及挥发油等活性成分进行了提取效率分析。结果表明，SFE技术能够显著提高目标化合物的提取率，同时有效减少副产物生成，与传统方法相比具有明显优势。此外，本研究创新性地引入响应面法对工艺参数进行优化，进一步提升了提取效率和产物纯度。通过对多种植物样品的实际测试，验证了该技术的普适性和可扩展性。结论显示，SFE技术不仅能够满足现代工业对绿色生产工艺的需求，还为天然产物的高值化利用提供了新思路，其在医药、食品及化妆品领域的应用前景广阔。本研究的主要贡献在于明确了SFE技术的关键影响因素及其调控机制，为相关领域的工业化应用奠定了理论和技术基础。关键词：超临界流体萃取；天然产物提取；响应面法优化
Abstract
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), as a green and environmentally friendly separation technique, has garnered significant attention and application in the field of natural product extraction in recent years. This study systematically investigated the feasibility and optimization strategies of SFE technology for extracting bioactive compounds from various plant-derived natural products, addressing issues associated with traditional extraction methods such as solvent residue, high energy consumption, and poor selectivity. The aim was to achieve efficient, low-cost, and highly selective extraction of natural products through SFE technology. Experiments were conducted using carbon dioxide as the primary supercritical fluid, combined with entrainer optimization, targeting flavonoids, terpenes, and essential oils from different plant materials. Results demonstrated that SFE significantly enhanced the extraction yield of target compounds while effectively reducing by-product formation, showcasing distinct advantages over conventional methods. Additionally, this study innovatively applied response surface methodology to optimize process parameters, further improving extraction efficiency and product purity. Practical tests on multiple plant samples confirmed the universality and scalability of the technology. Conclusions indicate that SFE not only fulfills the modern industrial demand for green production processes but also provides new insights into the high-value utilization of natural products, with broad application prospects in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. The main contribution of this study lies in elucidating the key influencing factors and regulatory mechanisms of SFE technology, laying a theoretical and technical foundation for its industrial application in relevant fields..
Key Words：Supercritical Fluid Extraction；Natural Product Extraction；Response Surface Methodology Optimization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 超临界流体萃取技术的研究背景 1
1.2 天然产物提取中的应用意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 超临界流体萃取技术原理及优化 3
2.1 超临界流体的基本特性 3
2.2 萃取过程的物理化学机制 3
2.3 影响萃取效率的关键因素 4
2.4 参数优化方法探讨 4
2.5 技术改进方向分析 5
第3章 超临界流体萃取在天然产物中的应用实例 6
3.1 植物精油的高效提取 6
3.2 中药活性成分的分离纯化 6
3.3 食品添加剂的绿色制备 7
3.4 功能性油脂的工业化生产 7
3.5 典型案例的技术经济评价 8
第4章 超临界流体萃取技术的挑战与前景 9
4.1 当前技术瓶颈分析 9
4.2 设备成本与运行效率问题 9
4.3 环境友好性的进一步提升 10
4.4 新型超临界流体的应用探索 10
4.5 未来发展趋势预测 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
