摘要
近年来，青少年近视问题日益严峻，已成为全球公共卫生领域的关注焦点。本研究旨在探讨青少年近视的流行特征及其与户外活动时间的相关性，为制定科学干预措施提供依据。研究采用横断面调查方法，选取某市12所中小学的3,500名学生作为研究对象，通过问卷调查和视力检测收集数据，并运用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响因素。结果显示，样本中近视检出率为52.8%，且随年龄增长呈上升趋势，女生近视率显著高于男生。进一步分析表明，每日户外活动时间不足1小时的学生近视风险是户外活动时间超过2小时学生的1.8倍，提示户外活动时间对近视发生具有保护作用。此外，长时间近距离用眼和不良用眼习惯亦显著增加近视风险。本研究创新性地量化了户外活动时间与近视之间的剂量-反应关系，强调增加户外活动时间在近视防控中的重要性，为相关政策制定提供了科学支持。关键词：青少年近视；户外活动时间；剂量-反应关系；近距离用眼；公共卫生干预
Epidemiological Characteristics of Myopia in Adolescents and Correlation with Outdoor Activity Time
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of myopia among adolescents has become increasingly severe, drawing significant attention in the global public health domain. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of adolescent myopia and its correlation with outdoor activity duration, providing evidence for the development of scientific intervention strategies. A cross-sectional survey method was employed, selecting 3,500 students from 12 primary and secondary schools in a city as the study population. Data were collected through questionnaires and vision tests, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors. The results indicate that the myopia detection rate in the sample was 52.8%, showing an increasing trend with age, with a significantly higher prevalence among females than males. Further analysis revealed that students engaging in less than one hour of daily outdoor activities had 1.8 times the risk of developing myopia compared to those with over two hours of outdoor activity, suggesting a protective effect of increased outdoor time against myopia onset. Additionally, prolonged near-work activities and poor eye-use habits were found to significantly elevate the risk of myopia. This study innovatively quantifies the dose-response relationship between outdoor activity duration and myopia, emphasizing the critical role of increasing outdoor activity in myopia prevention and control, thereby offering scientific support for relevant policy formulation.
Keywords: Adolescent Myopia; Outdoor Activity Time; Dose-Response Relationship; Near Work; Public Health Intervention
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 青少年近视流行特征分析 1
1.1 近视流行现状概述 1
1.2 不同年龄段近视分布特征 2
1.3 性别与地区差异分析 2
2 户外活动时间的影响机制 3
2.1 户外活动对视力的保护作用 3
2.2 光照强度与近视发展的关系 3
2.3 户外活动时间的量化评估 3
3 近视流行与户外活动的相关性研究 4
3.1 数据收集与研究方法 4
3.2 相关性分析结果解读 4
3.3 影响因素的多维度探讨 5
4 改善青少年近视的对策建议 5
4.1 增加户外活动的具体措施 5
4.2 学校与家庭的角色分工 5
4.3 政策支持与社会协作 6
结论 6
参考文献 8
致谢 9
