摘 要：遗嘱执行人制度作为现代继承法的重要组成部分，其构建与完善对保障遗嘱人意愿实现及遗产分配的公平性具有重要意义。本研究基于我国现行继承法律体系中遗嘱执行人制度存在的空白与不足，结合比较法学视角下域外相关制度的经验，旨在探索适合我国国情的遗嘱执行人制度框架及其法律保障机制。研究采用文献分析、案例研究与实证调查相结合的方法，系统梳理了遗嘱执行人制度的历史沿革与理论基础，并通过分析典型司法案例揭示当前实践中存在的问题。研究表明，引入独立的遗嘱执行人资格认定机制、明确遗嘱执行人的权利义务范围以及建立配套的法律责任体系是完善该制度的关键。本研究的创新点在于提出了“分级资质管理”与“多元化纠纷解决机制”的具体方案，为我国遗嘱执行人制度的立法完善提供了理论支持和实践路径，同时强调了技术手段在遗嘱执行过程中的应用价值，以提升制度运行效率与公信力。
关键词：遗嘱执行人制度；法律保障机制；分级资质管理
Abstract：The testamentary executor system, as a crucial component of modern inheritance law, plays a significant role in ensuring the realization of the testator's intentions and the fairness of estate distribution. This study addresses the gaps and deficiencies in the current testamentary executor system within China's inheritance legal fr amework, drawing on experiences from foreign jurisdictions through a comparative law perspective to explore a fr amework for a testamentary executor system suited to China's national conditions and its corresponding legal safeguards. By employing a combination of literature analysis, case studies, and empirical surveys, this research systematically examines the historical evolution and theoretical foundations of the testamentary executor system, while analyzing representative judicial cases to identify existing issues in practice. The findings indicate that establishing an independent qualification certification mechanism for testamentary executors, clarifying their rights and obligations, and constructing a complementary system of legal liabilities are essential for improving the system. A key innovation of this study lies in proposing specific solutions such as "tiered qualification management" and "diversified dispute resolution mechanisms," which provide both theoretical support and practical pathways for legislative refinement of China's testamentary executor system. Additionally, the study emphasizes the application of technological means in the execution process to enhance the efficiency and credibility of the system.
引言 1
一、遗嘱执行人制度的理论基础 1
(一)遗嘱执行人概念界定 1
(二)国内外研究现状分析 2
(三)制度构建的必要性探讨 2
二、遗嘱执行人制度的核心要素 3
(一)遗嘱执行人的资格条件 3
(二)遗嘱执行人的权利义务 3
(三)遗嘱执行人的选任机制 4
三、遗嘱执行人制度的运行机制 4
(一)遗嘱执行程序的设计 4
(二)遗嘱执行中的监督保障 5
(三)遗嘱执行争议的解决路径 5
四、遗嘱执行人制度的法律保障体系 6
(一)法律框架的构建原则 6
(二)相关法律法规的完善建议 6
(三)违规行为的法律责任追究 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
关键词：遗嘱执行人制度；法律保障机制；分级资质管理
Abstract：The testamentary executor system, as a crucial component of modern inheritance law, plays a significant role in ensuring the realization of the testator's intentions and the fairness of estate distribution. This study addresses the gaps and deficiencies in the current testamentary executor system within China's inheritance legal fr amework, drawing on experiences from foreign jurisdictions through a comparative law perspective to explore a fr amework for a testamentary executor system suited to China's national conditions and its corresponding legal safeguards. By employing a combination of literature analysis, case studies, and empirical surveys, this research systematically examines the historical evolution and theoretical foundations of the testamentary executor system, while analyzing representative judicial cases to identify existing issues in practice. The findings indicate that establishing an independent qualification certification mechanism for testamentary executors, clarifying their rights and obligations, and constructing a complementary system of legal liabilities are essential for improving the system. A key innovation of this study lies in proposing specific solutions such as "tiered qualification management" and "diversified dispute resolution mechanisms," which provide both theoretical support and practical pathways for legislative refinement of China's testamentary executor system. Additionally, the study emphasizes the application of technological means in the execution process to enhance the efficiency and credibility of the system.
Keywords: Will Executor System；Legal Guarantee Mechanism；Tiered Qualification Management
引言 1
一、遗嘱执行人制度的理论基础 1
(一)遗嘱执行人概念界定 1
(二)国内外研究现状分析 2
(三)制度构建的必要性探讨 2
二、遗嘱执行人制度的核心要素 3
(一)遗嘱执行人的资格条件 3
(二)遗嘱执行人的权利义务 3
(三)遗嘱执行人的选任机制 4
三、遗嘱执行人制度的运行机制 4
(一)遗嘱执行程序的设计 4
(二)遗嘱执行中的监督保障 5
(三)遗嘱执行争议的解决路径 5
四、遗嘱执行人制度的法律保障体系 6
(一)法律框架的构建原则 6
(二)相关法律法规的完善建议 6
(三)违规行为的法律责任追究 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
