摘要
随着全球能源危机和环境保护压力的加剧，汽车轻量化成为汽车行业的重要发展方向之一。本研究以汽车底盘轻量化设计与性能平衡为核心，旨在通过优化材料选择与结构设计，在减轻底盘重量的同时确保其力学性能、操控稳定性和安全性不受影响。研究采用多学科优化方法，结合有限元分析与拓扑优化技术，对底盘关键部件进行结构重构，并引入高性能轻质材料如铝合金和碳纤维复合材料替代传统钢材。通过对多种设计方案的仿真分析与实验验证，结果表明，在保持原有性能水平的前提下，底盘重量可降低约25%，同时动态响应特性得到显著改善。此外，本研究提出了一种基于多目标权衡的性能评估体系，有效解决了轻量化过程中强度、刚度与振动模态之间的矛盾。创新点在于将轻量化设计与性能优化相结合，建立了适用于复杂工况的综合评价模型，为汽车底盘轻量化设计提供了理论支持和技术路径。研究成果不仅有助于提升车辆燃油经济性与环保性能，还为未来新能源汽车的轻量化发展奠定了基础。
关键词：汽车底盘轻量化；多学科优化；高性能材料
Abstract
With the intensification of the global energy crisis and environmental protection pressures, vehicle lightweighting has become one of the key development directions in the automotive industry. This study focuses on the lightweight design and performance balance of automobile chassis, aiming to optimize material selection and structural design to reduce the weight of the chassis while ensuring its mechanical properties, handling stability, and safety. A multidisciplinary optimization approach was employed, integrating finite element analysis with topology optimization techniques for the structural reconstruction of critical chassis components, and high-performance lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys and carbon fiber composites were introduced to replace traditional steel. Through simulation analysis and experimental validation of multiple design schemes, the results demonstrate that the chassis weight can be reduced by approximately 25% while maintaining the original performance level, with significant improvements in dynamic response characteristics. Furthermore, this study proposes a performance evaluation system based on multi-ob jective trade-offs, effectively addressing the contradictions among strength, stiffness, and vibration modes during the lightweighting process. The innovation lies in combining lightweight design with performance optimization, establishing a comprehensive evaluation model applicable to complex operating conditions, which provides theoretical support and technical pathways for the lightweight design of automobile chassis. The research findings not only contribute to enhancing vehicle fuel economy and environmental performance but also lay a foundation for the lightweight development of future new energy vehicles.
Keywords：Automobile Chassis Lightweight; Multi-Disciplinary Optimization; High-Performance Materials
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 汽车底盘轻量化研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外轻量化设计与性能平衡研究现状 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、轻量化材料选择与性能分析 2
(一) 常用轻量化材料特性对比 2
(二) 材料强度与刚度对底盘性能的影响 3
(三) 材料成本与可制造性评估 3
三、底盘结构优化设计与仿真分析 4
(一) 结构优化设计理论与方法 4
(二) 轻量化设计下的应力分布仿真 5
(三) 动态工况下性能平衡分析 5
四、实验验证与性能评价 6
(一) 实验方案设计与实施 6
(二) 轻量化底盘的耐久性测试 6
(三) 性能平衡的综合评价指标 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
随着全球能源危机和环境保护压力的加剧，汽车轻量化成为汽车行业的重要发展方向之一。本研究以汽车底盘轻量化设计与性能平衡为核心，旨在通过优化材料选择与结构设计，在减轻底盘重量的同时确保其力学性能、操控稳定性和安全性不受影响。研究采用多学科优化方法，结合有限元分析与拓扑优化技术，对底盘关键部件进行结构重构，并引入高性能轻质材料如铝合金和碳纤维复合材料替代传统钢材。通过对多种设计方案的仿真分析与实验验证，结果表明，在保持原有性能水平的前提下，底盘重量可降低约25%，同时动态响应特性得到显著改善。此外，本研究提出了一种基于多目标权衡的性能评估体系，有效解决了轻量化过程中强度、刚度与振动模态之间的矛盾。创新点在于将轻量化设计与性能优化相结合，建立了适用于复杂工况的综合评价模型，为汽车底盘轻量化设计提供了理论支持和技术路径。研究成果不仅有助于提升车辆燃油经济性与环保性能，还为未来新能源汽车的轻量化发展奠定了基础。
关键词：汽车底盘轻量化；多学科优化；高性能材料
Abstract
With the intensification of the global energy crisis and environmental protection pressures, vehicle lightweighting has become one of the key development directions in the automotive industry. This study focuses on the lightweight design and performance balance of automobile chassis, aiming to optimize material selection and structural design to reduce the weight of the chassis while ensuring its mechanical properties, handling stability, and safety. A multidisciplinary optimization approach was employed, integrating finite element analysis with topology optimization techniques for the structural reconstruction of critical chassis components, and high-performance lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys and carbon fiber composites were introduced to replace traditional steel. Through simulation analysis and experimental validation of multiple design schemes, the results demonstrate that the chassis weight can be reduced by approximately 25% while maintaining the original performance level, with significant improvements in dynamic response characteristics. Furthermore, this study proposes a performance evaluation system based on multi-ob jective trade-offs, effectively addressing the contradictions among strength, stiffness, and vibration modes during the lightweighting process. The innovation lies in combining lightweight design with performance optimization, establishing a comprehensive evaluation model applicable to complex operating conditions, which provides theoretical support and technical pathways for the lightweight design of automobile chassis. The research findings not only contribute to enhancing vehicle fuel economy and environmental performance but also lay a foundation for the lightweight development of future new energy vehicles.
Keywords：Automobile Chassis Lightweight; Multi-Disciplinary Optimization; High-Performance Materials
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 汽车底盘轻量化研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外轻量化设计与性能平衡研究现状 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、轻量化材料选择与性能分析 2
(一) 常用轻量化材料特性对比 2
(二) 材料强度与刚度对底盘性能的影响 3
(三) 材料成本与可制造性评估 3
三、底盘结构优化设计与仿真分析 4
(一) 结构优化设计理论与方法 4
(二) 轻量化设计下的应力分布仿真 5
(三) 动态工况下性能平衡分析 5
四、实验验证与性能评价 6
(一) 实验方案设计与实施 6
(二) 轻量化底盘的耐久性测试 6
(三) 性能平衡的综合评价指标 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
