摘要
随着全球能源危机和环境问题的日益严峻，新能源汽车作为可持续交通的重要组成部分，其推广与普及已成为各国政策关注的重点。然而，充电设施布局不合理严重制约了新能源汽车的发展，因此优化充电设施布局成为亟待解决的关键问题。本研究以提升充电设施使用效率、满足用户需求及降低建设成本为目标，提出了一种基于多目标优化模型的充电设施布局设计方法。通过结合地理信息系统（GIS）数据与实际交通流量分析，构建了综合考虑空间分布、用户行为和电网负荷的数学模型，并引入遗传算法进行求解。研究结果表明，该方法能够显著提高充电设施的空间覆盖范围和服务水平，同时有效缓解局部区域充电压力过大的问题。此外，本研究创新性地将动态需求预测融入布局优化过程，为未来充电网络扩展提供了科学依据。总体而言，本研究不仅为新能源汽车充电设施的规划提供了理论支持，还为城市交通能源系统的可持续发展奠定了基础。
关键词：新能源汽车；充电设施布局；多目标优化
Abstract
With the increasing severity of global energy crises and environmental issues, new energy vehicles (NEVs), as a crucial component of sustainable transportation, have become a focal point of policy attention in many countries regarding their promotion and popularization. However, the irrational layout of charging infrastructure has severely hindered the development of NEVs, making the optimization of charging facility layouts an urgent issue to address. This study proposes a design method for charging facility layout based on a multi-ob jective optimization model, aiming to enhance the utilization efficiency of charging facilities, meet user demands, and reduce construction costs. By integrating geographic information system (GIS) data with real-world traffic flow analysis, a mathematical model is constructed that comprehensively considers spatial distribution, user behavior, and grid load. A genetic algorithm is introduced to solve the model. The results indicate that this method can significantly improve the spatial coverage and service quality of charging facilities while effectively alleviating excessive charging pressure in specific areas. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates dynamic demand forecasting into the layout optimization process, providing a scientific basis for future expansions of charging networks. Overall, this research not only offers theoretical support for the planning of NEV charging facilities but also lays a foundation for the sustainable development of urban transportation energy systems.
Keywords：New Energy Vehicle; Charging Facility Layout; Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新能源汽车充电设施布局的研究背景 1
(二) 充电设施布局优化设计的意义与价值 1
(三) 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、充电设施布局需求分析 2
(一) 用户行为与充电需求特征 2
(二) 区域发展对充电设施的需求影响 3
(三) 不同场景下的充电需求分布 3
(四) 需求分析在布局优化中的作用 4
三、充电设施布局优化模型构建 4
(一) 布局优化的核心目标与约束条件 4
(二) 数学建模方法的选择与应用 5
(三) 模型参数的确定与敏感性分析 5
(四) 模型验证与优化效果评估 6
四、充电设施布局方案实施与评价 6
(一) 实施方案的设计原则与步骤 6
(二) 地理信息系统在布局优化中的应用 7
(三) 方案实施中的关键问题与解决策略 7
(四) 布局效果评价指标体系构建 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
随着全球能源危机和环境问题的日益严峻，新能源汽车作为可持续交通的重要组成部分，其推广与普及已成为各国政策关注的重点。然而，充电设施布局不合理严重制约了新能源汽车的发展，因此优化充电设施布局成为亟待解决的关键问题。本研究以提升充电设施使用效率、满足用户需求及降低建设成本为目标，提出了一种基于多目标优化模型的充电设施布局设计方法。通过结合地理信息系统（GIS）数据与实际交通流量分析，构建了综合考虑空间分布、用户行为和电网负荷的数学模型，并引入遗传算法进行求解。研究结果表明，该方法能够显著提高充电设施的空间覆盖范围和服务水平，同时有效缓解局部区域充电压力过大的问题。此外，本研究创新性地将动态需求预测融入布局优化过程，为未来充电网络扩展提供了科学依据。总体而言，本研究不仅为新能源汽车充电设施的规划提供了理论支持，还为城市交通能源系统的可持续发展奠定了基础。
关键词：新能源汽车；充电设施布局；多目标优化
Abstract
With the increasing severity of global energy crises and environmental issues, new energy vehicles (NEVs), as a crucial component of sustainable transportation, have become a focal point of policy attention in many countries regarding their promotion and popularization. However, the irrational layout of charging infrastructure has severely hindered the development of NEVs, making the optimization of charging facility layouts an urgent issue to address. This study proposes a design method for charging facility layout based on a multi-ob jective optimization model, aiming to enhance the utilization efficiency of charging facilities, meet user demands, and reduce construction costs. By integrating geographic information system (GIS) data with real-world traffic flow analysis, a mathematical model is constructed that comprehensively considers spatial distribution, user behavior, and grid load. A genetic algorithm is introduced to solve the model. The results indicate that this method can significantly improve the spatial coverage and service quality of charging facilities while effectively alleviating excessive charging pressure in specific areas. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates dynamic demand forecasting into the layout optimization process, providing a scientific basis for future expansions of charging networks. Overall, this research not only offers theoretical support for the planning of NEV charging facilities but also lays a foundation for the sustainable development of urban transportation energy systems.
Keywords：New Energy Vehicle; Charging Facility Layout; Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新能源汽车充电设施布局的研究背景 1
(二) 充电设施布局优化设计的意义与价值 1
(三) 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、充电设施布局需求分析 2
(一) 用户行为与充电需求特征 2
(二) 区域发展对充电设施的需求影响 3
(三) 不同场景下的充电需求分布 3
(四) 需求分析在布局优化中的作用 4
三、充电设施布局优化模型构建 4
(一) 布局优化的核心目标与约束条件 4
(二) 数学建模方法的选择与应用 5
(三) 模型参数的确定与敏感性分析 5
(四) 模型验证与优化效果评估 6
四、充电设施布局方案实施与评价 6
(一) 实施方案的设计原则与步骤 6
(二) 地理信息系统在布局优化中的应用 7
(三) 方案实施中的关键问题与解决策略 7
(四) 布局效果评价指标体系构建 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
