摘 要
围绝经期是女性生理机能发生显著变化的重要阶段，骨密度下降成为影响该群体健康的关键问题之一。本研究旨在探讨围绝经期女性骨密度变化规律及其与生活方式干预效果之间的关系，为制定科学合理的预防和干预措施提供理论依据。通过对某地区300名45 - 60岁围绝经期女性进行为期两年的跟踪调查，采用双能X线吸收法测量骨密度，并收集其饮食、运动、睡眠等生活方式相关数据。结果表明，围绝经期女性骨密度呈明显下降趋势，其中腰椎和股骨颈部位尤为显著；不同生活方式因素对骨密度变化存在不同程度的影响，合理膳食、适量运动及充足睡眠有助于减缓骨密度流失速度。创新性地构建了基于多因素综合评估的生活方式干预模型，通过对比分析发现，接受系统化生活方式指导的干预组较对照组在骨密度维持方面具有明显优势，骨密度年均下降率降低约20%。这提示我们，针对围绝经期女性实施个性化的生活方式干预可有效改善其骨骼健康状况，为临床防治骨质疏松症提供了新思路。
关键词：围绝经期女性；骨密度变化；生活方式干预；双能X线吸收法；骨骼健康维护
Abstract
Perimenopause is a critical phase during which women experience significant physiological changes, with bone density loss becoming one of the key health concerns for this population. This study aims to investigate the patterns of bone density changes in perimenopausal women and their relationship with lifestyle interventions, providing theoretical support for developing scientific and effective preventive and intervention measures. A two-year follow-up survey was conducted on 300 perimenopausal women aged 45-60 from a specific region, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure bone density while collecting data related to lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep. The results indicate that bone density in perimenopausal women shows a marked declining trend, particularly in the lumbar spine and femoral neck areas; different lifestyle factors exert varying degrees of influence on bone density changes, where proper nutrition, moderate physical activity, and adequate sleep contribute to slowing down the rate of bone density loss. Innovatively, a comprehensive lifestyle intervention model based on multifactorial assessment was constructed. Comparative analysis revealed that the intervention group receiving systematic lifestyle guidance demonstrated a significant advantage over the control group in maintaining bone density, with an approximate 20% reduction in the annual rate of bone density decline. This suggests that personalized lifestyle interventions targeting perimenopausal women can effectively improve their bone health, offering new insights into the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Keywords：Perimenopausal Women；Bone Mineral Density Changes；Lifestyle Intervention；Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry；Skeletal Health Maintenance
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 围绝经期女性骨密度变化特征 2
1.1 围绝经期生理特点 2
1.2 骨密度变化规律 2
1.3 影响骨密度的因素 3
第二章 生活方式干预措施设计 4
2.1 干预方案制定原则 4
2.2 运动干预措施 4
2.3 营养补充策略 5
第三章 干预效果评估方法 7
3.1 评估指标选择 7
3.2 数据收集方法 7
3.3 效果评价标准 8
第四章 研究结果与分析 10
4.1 骨密度变化趋势 10
4.2 干预前后对比 10
4.3 结果讨论与意义 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
