摘 要
乳腺癌作为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其治疗方式的选择对患者的预后和生活质量有着重要影响。为比较乳腺癌保乳手术与乳房重建术的临床效果，本研究选取某院2018年1月至2022年1月收治的240例乳腺癌患者为研究对象，其中保乳手术组120例，乳房重建术组120例。所有患者均符合相关诊断标准并签署知情同意书。通过回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料，包括病理类型、分期、术后并发症、局部复发率、远处转移率、5年生存率及术后生活质量评分等指标。结果显示，两组在局部复发率方面差异无统计学意义，但乳房重建术组在改善患者术后心理状态和提高生活质量方面具有明显优势，且乳房重建术组的术后并发症发生率略高于保乳手术组，这可能与手术复杂程度有关。本研究创新性地从多维度对比两种术式的临床效果，不仅为临床医生选择合适的治疗方案提供参考依据，而且强调了在确保肿瘤根治的前提下，应重视患者的心理健康和生活质量，为乳腺癌综合治疗理念的发展提供了新的思路。
关键词：乳腺癌；保乳手术；乳房重建术；术后生活质量；局部复发率
Abstract
Breast cancer, as one of the most common malignant tumors in women, has a significant impact on patient prognosis and quality of life depending on the choice of treatment modality. To compare the clinical outcomes of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy with reconstruction, this study selected 240 breast cancer patients treated at a hospital from January 2018 to January 2022, comprising 120 patients in the BCS group and 120 in the reconstruction group. All patients met relevant diagnostic criteria and provided informed consent. A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted, including pathological type, staging, postoperative complications, local recurrence rate, distant me tastasis rate, 5-year survival rate, and postoperative quality of life scores. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in local recurrence rates between the two groups; however, the reconstruction group demonstrated a clear advantage in improving postoperative psychological status and enhancing quality of life. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative complications was slightly higher in the reconstruction group, potentially attributable to the greater complexity of the procedure. This study innovatively compared the clinical outcomes of the two surgical approaches from multiple dimensions, providing reference for clinicians in selecting appropriate treatment options. It also underscores the importance of prioritizing patients' mental health and quality of life while ensuring radical tumor treatment, offering new insights into the development of comprehensive breast cancer therapy concepts.
Keywords：Breast Cancer；Breast-Conserving Surgery；Breast Reconstruction；Postoperative Quality Of Life；Local Recurrence Rate
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 两种手术方式的理论基础比较 2
1.1 保乳手术的理论依据 2
1.2 乳房重建术的理论依据 2
1.3 两种手术适应症对比 3
第二章 手术技术与操作流程分析 4
2.1 保乳手术的操作步骤 4
2.2 乳房重建术的操作步骤 4
2.3 两种手术的技术难点 5
第三章 围手术期管理及并发症处理 6
3.1 围手术期护理措施比较 6
3.2 并发症发生率统计分析 6
3.3 并发症处理方案对比 7
第四章 患者术后生活质量评估 8
4.1 躯体功能恢复情况 8
4.2 心理健康影响因素 8
4.3 社会回归能力评价 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
