摘 要
土壤重金属污染已成为全球性环境问题，对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。本研究旨在系统评估当前主流土壤重金属污染修复技术，并探索创新性解决方案。通过对国内外相关文献的全面梳理，结合实地调研与实验分析，重点考察了物理、化学及生物修复方法的应用效果。研究采用实验室模拟实验与田间试验相结合的方式，选取典型重金属污染土壤样本，分别应用电动修复、植物修复、微生物修复等技术进行处理。结果表明，电动修复技术能有效去除土壤中重金属离子，但成本较高；植物修复具有环境友好、可持续性强的优势，适用于大面积轻度污染土壤；微生物修复则在改善土壤微生态环境方面表现出色。本研究创新性地提出了基于复合修复理念的集成技术方案，将不同修复技术有机结合，实现了优势互补，显著提高了修复效率。通过对比分析发现，复合修复模式能够在较短时间内达到理想的修复效果，且对土壤理化性质影响较小。
关键词：土壤重金属污染 复合修复技术 植物修复
Abstract
Soil heavy me tal pollution has become a global environmental problem and poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. This study aims to systematically evaluate the current mainstream soil heavy me tal pollution remediation technology and explore innovative solutions. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature at home and abroad, combined with field research and experimental analysis, the application effect of physical, chemical and bioremediation methods is mainly investigated. In the study, laboratory simulation experiments and field experiments were combined, and typical heavy me tal contaminated soil samples were selected and treated with electric remediation, phytoremediation, microbial remediation and other technologies. The results show that the electric remediation technology can effectively remove heavy me tal ions in soil, but the cost is high; phytoremediation is environmentally friendly and sustainable, suitable for small polluted soil; microbial remediation is excellent in improving the soil environment. This study innovatively puts forward an integrated technology scheme based on the concept of composite restoration, which organically combines different restoration technologies, realizes complementary advantages and significantly improves the repair efficiency. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the compound restoration mode can achieve the ideal remediation effect in a short time, and have little influence on the soil physical and chemical properties.
Keyword:Soil Heavy me tal Pollution Combined Remediation Technology Phytoremediation
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1土壤重金属污染的背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3本文研究方法概述 1
2土壤重金属污染特征分析 2
2.1污染源解析与成因 2
2.2重金属在土壤中的行为 2
2.3污染程度评价指标 3
3物理修复技术研究 4
3.1物理修复原理与机制 4
3.2主要物理修复方法 4
3.3物理修复效果评估 5
4化学修复技术研究 5
4.1化学修复原理与机制 5
4.2主要化学修复方法 6
4.3化学修复环境影响 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
