西方古典园林风格演变及其背后的文化驱动力 -园林专业

摘要

西方古典园林作为人类文明的重要组成部分，其风格演变不仅反映了不同时期的审美取向，更蕴含着深刻的文化内涵。本文旨在探讨从古希腊罗马时期到文艺复兴、巴洛克及洛可可时期的西方古典园林风格演变历程，并分析其背后的文化驱动力。古希腊罗马时期的园林强调自然与人文的和谐统一，体现了城邦文化的理想追求；中世纪园林则更多地受到宗教思想的制约，呈现出内敛封闭的空间特征；文艺复兴时期的园林回归古典主义，追求对称与秩序，彰显了人文主义思想的觉醒；巴洛克园林通过夸张的表现手法展现王权至上，而洛可可园林则以精致细腻的装饰体现贵族阶层的审美趣味。本研究创新性地将园林风格演变置于宏观文化语境下进行考察，突破了传统研究中单纯注重形式分析的局限，为理解西方园林艺术提供了新的视角和理论依据，有助于深化对西方文化史的认识，也为现代园林设计提供了有益的历史借鉴。

关键词：西方古典园林；风格演变；文化驱动力

The Evolution of Western Classical Garden Styles and Its Underlying Cultural Drivers

ABSTRACT

As an important part of human civilization, the style evolution of western classical gardens not only reflects the aesthetic orientation of different periods, but also contains profound cultural connotation. This paper aims to explore the evolution of western classical garden styles from the Greco-Roman period to the Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo periods, and analyze the cultural driving forces behind it. The gardens of ancient Greece and Rome emphasized the harmonious unity of nature and humanity, which reflected the ideal pursuit of city-state culture. The medieval gardens were more restricted by religious thought and showed the characteristics of introverted and closed space. Renaissance gardens returned to classicism, pursued symmetry and order, and demonstrated the awakening of humanism. Baroque gardens show the supremacy of royal power through exaggerated ex pression techniques, while Rococo gardens reflect the aesthetic taste of the noble class with exquisite decoration. This study innovatively examines the evolution of garden style in the context of macro culture, breaking through the limitations of traditional research focusing solely on formal analysis, providing a new perspective and theoretical basis for understanding western garden art, helping to deepen the understanding of Western cultural history, and providing useful historical reference for modern garden design.

KEY WORDS：Western Classical Gardens；Style Evolution；Cultural Driving Force

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

引言 1

第一章古典园林的起源与早期形态 2

1.1 古希腊园林的文化根基 2

1.2 罗马帝国时期的园林发展 2

1.3 早期基督教影响下的园林转变 2

第二章中世纪至文艺复兴的转型 3

2.1 中世纪修道院园林的特点 3

2.2 文艺复兴时期的人文主义影响 3

2.3 园林设计中的古典复兴思潮 3