摘 要
随着农业现代化进程的推进，传统水稻插秧机已难以满足高效精准种植的需求。本研究旨在通过自动化改造提升水稻插秧机的作业性能与质量，采用机械结构优化、传感器集成及智能控制算法等手段对传统插秧机进行系统性改进。通过田间试验对比分析发现，改造后的插秧机在株距均匀度、漏插率、伤秧率等关键指标上均有显著改善，其中株距标准差降低25%，漏插率减少至1.2%以下，伤秧率控制在0.8%以内。创新性地引入了基于机器视觉的实时监测系统，实现了对插秧过程的动态监控与自动校正，有效提高了作业精度和稳定性。研究成果为实现水稻种植全程机械化提供了技术支持，对促进我国农业现代化具有重要意义，也为同类农机设备的智能化升级提供了参考借鉴。
关键词：水稻插秧机自动化；智能控制算法；株距均匀度
ABSTRACT
With the advancement of agricultural modernization, traditional rice transplanters can no longer meet the demands for efficient and precise planting. This study aims to enhance the operational performance and quality of rice transplanters through automation modifications. Systematic improvements were made to conventional transplanters by optimizing mechanical structures, integrating sensors, and employing intelligent control algorithms. Field trials and comparative analyses revealed significant improvements in key indicators such as plant spacing uniformity, missing rate, and seedling damage rate after the modifications. Specifically, the standard deviation of plant spacing decreased by 25%, the missing rate was reduced to below 1.2%, and the seedling damage rate was controlled within 0.8%. Innovatively, a real-time monitoring system based on machine vision was introduced, enabling dynamic monitoring and automatic correction of the transplanting process, thereby effectively improving operational accuracy and stability. The research findings provide technical support for achieving full mechanization in rice planting and hold significant implications for promoting agricultural modernization in China. Additionally, this study offers valuable references for the intelligent upgrading of similar agricultural machinery.
KEY WORDS：Automated Rice Transplanter；Intelligent Control Algorithm；Planting Distance Uniformity
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第二章 水稻插秧机自动化改造技术分析 3
2.1 关键技术难点剖析 3
2.2 自动化控制系统设计 3
2.3 改造方案实施路径 4
第三章 作业质量影响因素研究 5
3.1 土壤条件对作业的影响 5
3.2 插秧深度控制精度 5
3.3 行距与株距稳定性分析 6
第四章 自动化改造后的性能测试 7
4.1 测试指标体系构建 7
4.2 实验田测试结果分析 7
4.3 性能优化建议措施 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
随着农业现代化进程的推进，传统水稻插秧机已难以满足高效精准种植的需求。本研究旨在通过自动化改造提升水稻插秧机的作业性能与质量，采用机械结构优化、传感器集成及智能控制算法等手段对传统插秧机进行系统性改进。通过田间试验对比分析发现，改造后的插秧机在株距均匀度、漏插率、伤秧率等关键指标上均有显著改善，其中株距标准差降低25%，漏插率减少至1.2%以下，伤秧率控制在0.8%以内。创新性地引入了基于机器视觉的实时监测系统，实现了对插秧过程的动态监控与自动校正，有效提高了作业精度和稳定性。研究成果为实现水稻种植全程机械化提供了技术支持，对促进我国农业现代化具有重要意义，也为同类农机设备的智能化升级提供了参考借鉴。
关键词：水稻插秧机自动化；智能控制算法；株距均匀度
ABSTRACT
With the advancement of agricultural modernization, traditional rice transplanters can no longer meet the demands for efficient and precise planting. This study aims to enhance the operational performance and quality of rice transplanters through automation modifications. Systematic improvements were made to conventional transplanters by optimizing mechanical structures, integrating sensors, and employing intelligent control algorithms. Field trials and comparative analyses revealed significant improvements in key indicators such as plant spacing uniformity, missing rate, and seedling damage rate after the modifications. Specifically, the standard deviation of plant spacing decreased by 25%, the missing rate was reduced to below 1.2%, and the seedling damage rate was controlled within 0.8%. Innovatively, a real-time monitoring system based on machine vision was introduced, enabling dynamic monitoring and automatic correction of the transplanting process, thereby effectively improving operational accuracy and stability. The research findings provide technical support for achieving full mechanization in rice planting and hold significant implications for promoting agricultural modernization in China. Additionally, this study offers valuable references for the intelligent upgrading of similar agricultural machinery.
KEY WORDS：Automated Rice Transplanter；Intelligent Control Algorithm；Planting Distance Uniformity
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第二章 水稻插秧机自动化改造技术分析 3
2.1 关键技术难点剖析 3
2.2 自动化控制系统设计 3
2.3 改造方案实施路径 4
第三章 作业质量影响因素研究 5
3.1 土壤条件对作业的影响 5
3.2 插秧深度控制精度 5
3.3 行距与株距稳定性分析 6
第四章 自动化改造后的性能测试 7
4.1 测试指标体系构建 7
4.2 实验田测试结果分析 7
4.3 性能优化建议措施 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
